Important summits in 2016

1) G-20 : Hangzhou, China
2) APEC Summit : Peru ( Lima )
3) Nuclear security summit : Washington DC, USA
4) Indian Science congress : Mysore
5) BRICS : Goa,India 
6) SAARC : Islamabad, Pakistan
7) ASEAN : Laos
8) Pravasi Bhartiya divas : New Delhi
9) NATO : Poland,Warsaw
10) OPEC : Austria,Vienna
11) ADB : Frankfurt, Germany
12) WEF : Davos,Switzerland
13) SCO : Uzbekistan 
14) NAM : Venezuela

INDIAN CITIES & FOUNDERS

1. Who was the founder of Madras ?
ANS : Francis Day
2. Who was the founder of Delhi ?
ANS : Anangpal
3. Who was the founder of Calcutta ?
ANS : Job Charnok
4. Who was the founder of Allahabad ?
ANS : Akbar
5. Who was the founder of Ajmeer ?
ANS : Ajaypal Chauhan
6. Who was the founder of Hisar ?
ANS : Firozshah Tuglaq
7. Who was the founder of Siri ?
ANS : Alaudden Khilji
8. Who was the founder of Vijayanagaram
ANS : Harihar & Bukka
9. Who was the founder of Jodhpur ?
ANS : Rao Jodha
10. Who was the founder of Fathepur Sikri ?
ANS : Akbar
11. Who was the founder of Hyderabad ?
ANS : Quli Qutabshah
12. Who was the founder of Agra ?
ANS : Sikkandar Lodhi
13. Who was the founder of Mahabalipuram ?
ANS : Narasimhawarma
14. Who was the founder of Ahmedabad ?
ANS : Ahmed Shah
15. The city of Daulatabad was founded by ?
ANS : Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
16. Dinpanah was founded by ?
ANS : Humayun
17. The city of Jahanpanah was founded by ?
ANS : Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
18. The founder of Gangaikondachol
apuram ?
ANS : Rajendra Chola I
19. The city of Shahjahanabad was founded by ?
ANS : Shah Jahan
20. Chandigarh was designed by whom ?
ANS : Le Coubusier
21. The city of Amritsar was founded by ?
ANS : Guru Ram Das
22. The city founded by Kanishka in Kashmir was ?
ANS : Kanishkapuram
23. The founder of the city of Patna ?
ANS : Sher Shah
24. The architect of New Delhi ?
ANS : Edwin Lutyens
25. The architect of the city of Gandhinagar ?
ANS : Le Coubusier
26. Who was the founder of Mumbai ?
ANS : Onald Ogjiar
27. Who was the founder of Bhopal ?
ANS : Raja Bhoj
28. Who was the founder of Indore ?
ANS : Ahilya Bai
29. Who was the founder of Tughlakabad ?
ANS : Mohammad Tughlaq
30. Who was the founder of Jaipur ?
ANS : Sawai Jai Singh

Indian Brand Slogans , Tag lines

Chocolates , Cold Drinks & food.........

Pepsi  : Yehi hain Right Choice Baby / Nothing official about it / Yeh Dil Maange More / ye pyas he badi
Thums Up  : Taste The Thunder
Rasna   : I love you Rasna                   
Frooti   : Fresh N Juicy / Why Grow Up
Coca Cola   : Thanda Matlab Coca Cola
Cadbury  : Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye
Boost   : Boost is the secret of our energy
Dairy Milk   : Swad Zindagi Ka
Amul   : Utterly Butterly Delicious / The Taste of India
Alpenlibe  : Jee Lalchaye Raha NA jaye
Polo   : The mint with a hole
Kit Kat   : Have a break, have a kit kat
Melody   : Yeh Melody itni chocolaty kyun hain, Melody khaao, khudh jaan jao
Chloromint  : Doobara mat punchna
Sprite   : Bujaaye pyaas, baaki all bakwas
Mentos   : Dimaag ki batti jalaa de
Lays  : No one can eat just one
Mac Donald's : i m lovin it
Maggi   : Taste Bhi, Health Bhi ( Ketchup : Its Different)
Perk  : Thodi si pet puja
Priya gold biscuits  : hak se maango
PARLE-G  : G for Genius
Taj Mahal Chai  : Wah Taj!
Kurkure  :Tedha Hai Par Mera Hai
Slice  : Aam Sutra. 
Britannia  : Eat healthy, think better
Bru coffee : Bru instant with aroma lock
Bingo   : No Confusion, Great Combination
Complan  : I am a Complan boy / A complete planned food.
MDH  : Asli Masale Sach sach MDH MDH
Kayam Churan  : Jee haan, Bhavnagar wale Seth Brothers Ka Kayam Choorna
Laxmi Toor Dal  : Dana Dana Swad Ka Khazana
Tata salt  : Desh ka namak
Snicker  : Jab hunger machaye 4 snickers khol yaar
Parle krack jack : The original sweet and salty biscuit
Britannia  : Eat healthy, think better:

Banks......

ICICI Bank  : Khayal Aap Ka / No chinta only money
Bank of Baroda  : India's International Bank
HDFC Std Life : Jiyo sar utha ke
LIC  : Zindagi ke sath bhe Zindagi ke baad bhi
Bajaj Allianz  : Jiyo befikar
Union Bank of India  : Good People to Bank with

Cars & Bikes......

Tata Safari  : Reclaim Your Life
Bajaj Pulsar : Definitely Male
Hero Honda : Desh ki dhadkan /  Fill it,Shut it and forget it.
Hero Honda Karizma  : Jet, Set, Go!
Fiat Linea  : Admiration guaranteed
Tata Indica : More car per car
Bajaj   : Hamara Bajaj
Max New York Life  : Karo Zyada ka Iraada
Aditiya Brila Groups :Taking India to the World

Mobiles & Communications.....

Nokia  : Connecting People
BSNL  : Connecting India
Idea   : An Idea can Change your life
Hutch   : Where ever you go , our network follows
Airtel   : Express Yourself
Videocon   : The Indian Multinational
Onida   : Neighbor's Envy , Owner's Pride
Voltas   : India ka Dil. India ka AC.

Home Accessories............

Surf   : Daag Acche hain
Asian Paints  : Har Khar Kuchch Kahta hein
Air Deccan  : Simplifly
Dhara Oil   : Dhara Dhara Shuddh Dhara
Dettol  : BE 100% Sure
Navratna Oil  : Thanda Thanda Cool Cool
Superia   : Pehle Aap
Lux  : Beauty soap of film stars
Gillete  : The best a man can get
Tata Sky  : Isko laga dala to life zinga lala
Surf Excel  : Surf Excel hain na
Babool   : Subhe babool ki to din tumhara / Babool Babool, paise wasool
Rotomac   : Likhtey likhtey love ho jaaye
Adidas   : Impossible is nothing
Nike   : Just do it
Raymond's  : The Complete Man
Peter England  : The Honest Shirt
Lifebuoy   : Thandurusti hain vaham
Ceat   : Born Tough
De coeur   : Art from the HeArt
Nirma  : Sabki Pasand Nirma
Fevicol  : Pakde rehna / Fevicol ka mazboot jod hai, tootega nahi
Big Bazaar  : Is se sasta aur Achcha kahee nahee milenga
Dinesh Suitings  : Duniya aap ke Kadmo mein
Bajaj Tubelights  : Jab mein chota bacha tha, badi shararat karta tha (Jingles)
Glade Air Freshner : The welcoming scent of home

Airlines.............

Kingfisher Airlines  : Fly the good times
British Airways  : The world's favourite airline Citra - Citraa,,,Super Cooler..
Emirates   : Fly Emirates
Kingfisher   : The King of Good Times

Other.............

The Economic Times  : The Power of Knowledge
The Indian Express  : Journalism of Courage
MRF   : Tyres With Muscle
Malayala Manorama : Nobody delivers Kerala better.
Havelles RCB  : Shock Laga Kya
Gold spot  : The zing thing and Citra: Super cooler
Indian Army : Do you have it in you.
Wills  : Made for each other
INC  : Congress Ki Haath Aam Admi Ke Saath
Red FM   : Bajate raho
Debeers  : A diamond is forever
Yahoo   : Yahoooooouuuooonnn! (used as jingle)
IBM   : Toong toong tang tang (used as jingle)
Sundaram books : Books for success

BRICS - 2016

BRICS is a group of five major emerging economies, comprising 43% of the world population, having 37% of the world GDP and 17% share in the world trade. South Africa was the last country which have joined the group in 2010 and completed the group as BRICS.

History of BRICS.

Earlier four nations joined hand to form a group in order to give a recognition to the world rising economic powers.The acronym BRIC (Brazil,Russia,India and China) was first used in 2001 by Goldman Sachs in their Global Economics Paper, "The World Needs Better Economic BRICs" on the basis of econometric analyses projecting that the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China would individually and collectively occupy far greater economic space and would be amongst the world’s largest economies in the next 50 years or so. BRIC started after the meeting of the Leaders of Russia, India and China in St. Petersburg on the margins of G8 Outreach Summit in 2006. The 1st BRIC Summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 June 2009.After inclusion of South Africa , it attended the 3rd BRICS Summit in Sanya, China on 14 April 2011.  

BRICS Initiative

The BRICS Forum, an independent international organisation encouraging commercial, political and cultural cooperation between the BRICS nations. BRICS works on the two important pillars - issues of mutual interest through meetings of Leaders as well as of Ministers of Finance, Trade, Health, S&T, Education, Agriculture, Communication, Labour, etc. and practical cooperation in a number of areas through meetings of Working Groups/Senior Officials.

8th BRICS summit concluded in India on 16th oct 2016 with the adoption of the Goa Declaration which pledged opposition to the terrorism. 

The theme of India’s BRICS Chairmanship was Building Responsive, Inclusive and Collective Solutions. 

During Indias BRICS Chairmanship, BRICS adopted the five-pronged approach:

(i) Institution building to further deepen, sustain and institutionalise BRICS cooperation 

(ii) Implementation of the decisions from previous Summits 

(iii) Integrating the existing cooperation mechanisms 

(iv) Innovation,i.e.,new cooperation mechanisms and

(v)Continuity,i.e.,continuation of mutually agreed existing BRICS cooperation mechanisms.

In a strongly worded statement, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “the most serious direct threat to our economic prosperity is terrorism. Tragically, its mother-ship is a country in India’s neighbourhood.”

According to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi “the most serious direct threat to the economic prosperity is terrorism ".The declaration called for resolution of the civil war in Syria, in accordance with the “legitimate aspirations of the people of Syria” and sought action against U.N.-designated terrorist groups like IS and Jabhat al-Nusra.

The Goa Declaration also called for all nations to counter radicalism, and block sources of financing international terrorism, “including through organised crime by means of money-laundering, drug trafficking, criminal activities, dismantling terrorist bases and countering misuse of the Internet including social media by terror entities through misuse of the latest Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)”

BRICS has emerged one of the successful organisation which have attracted other nations also to join hand and work on the foot mark for the development of their respective economy. Presence of China and India has made this group powerful in terms of economy and military powers. Recently on 26 september 2016, The Department of Science and Technology under the BRICS - grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa - framework organized the first 'Young Scientists Conference' in Bengaluru. The conference will see 50 young scientists meet over the next four days.  The BRICS Young Scientist Forum  (BRICS - YSF) was started last year. On the Ocassaion of 8th BRICS summit at Goa , U-17 Football Tournament, Youth Summit, Young Diplomats’ Forum, Film Festival etc were organised to promote the culture , Sport and communication and enhanced people-to-people (P2P) contacts of BRICS member states, especially youth.

From India's prospective BRICS is an important platform in term of development of its markets.Co-operation on the economic front is one of the focus areas of India’s policy towards BRICS. India can also penetrate into African Markets with the help of BRICS organisation.India need to decide how she can utilize the BRICS platform at an international arena.

Indian River Systems

India is one of the top five countries in the world with favourable water resources (others are Canada, Brazil, Russia and Congo). Among the total water resources of the country, Indian rivers constitute the major share.The water in these rivers is used for various purposes including agriculture, production of electricity, storing water in dams and so on. Indian rivers are mainly divided into two types:

1. HIMALAYAN RIVERS

2. PENINSULAR RIVERS

HIMALAYAN RIVERS:

As the name suggests, these rivers originate from Himalayan Mountains. The sources of water are rainfall and melted snow. As they come from high altitudes they flow with high speed and have larger and deep courses. INDUS, GANGES, and BRAHMAPUTRA along with their respective tributaries are the main Himalayan Rivers.

THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM:

SOURCE: The Indus River rises in Tibet near Manas Sarovar Lake. Flowing westwards, it enters India in Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.

COURSE: It flows through the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in India then enters Pakistan and flowing further south reaches the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.

TRIBUTARIES: Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok, and Hunza are the tributaries in India. Ravi, Chenab, Sutlej, Jhelum, and Beas are the tributaries in Pakistan.

CHARACTERISTICS: The slope is very gentle and with 2900 km length, Indus River is one of the longest rivers in the world.

THE GANGES RIVER SYSTEM:

SOURCE: The Ganges River originates in Gangotri glacier as Bhagirathi and joined by Alaknanda at Devprayag, It turns into Ganga.

COURSE: The Ganga River enters plains in Haridwar and from there it flows eastwards enlarged by the tributaries joining from left and right. The river divides in West Bengal and the distributary Hooghly flows southward to reach the Bay of Bengal. The main river enters into Bangladesh and joins with Brahmaputra river.It covers the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.

TRIBUTARIES: Yamuna River joins Ganga at Allahabad as a right bank tributary. Ghagra, Gandak and Kosi Rivers arising from Nepal Himalayas join as left bank tributaries. Chambal, Betwa and Son rivers from central Highlands join as right bank tributaries. It covers the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar

CHARACTERISTICS: The length is 2500 km and the slope is almost steep in the Himalayas and gentle in the plains. With more number of tributaries, the basin of the river is very huge.

BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM:

SOURCE: The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet to the east of Manas Sarovar Lake.

COURSE: The Brahmaputra River mostly flow outside India from the point of its origin and in the middle course, enters Arunachal Pradesh and later into Assam. Then, it flows eastwards into Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, Brahmaputra River is called as River Padma.

TRIBUTARIES: In Arunachal Pradesh Dibang, Lohit and Kenula Rivers are its tributaries.

CHARACTERISTICS: The length of the river is 2900 km and is one of the longest rivers of the world.

PENINSULAR RIVERS:

These rivers are confined to the peninsular region and are dependent on rainfall for water. Unlike Himalayan Rivers, these rivers are shorter with small basins. NARMADA, TAPI, GODAVARI, KRISHNA, CAUVERY and MAHANADI are the main rivers.

NARMADA BASIN:

It originates in Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh and flows towards the west to join the Arabian Sea. It covers the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

TAPI BASIN:

It rises in Madhya Pradesh and covering the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra join the Arabian Sea.

Don’t Miss: Rivers World

GODAVARI BASIN:

It is known as DAKSHIN GANGA due to its area covered (over 1500 km). The Godavari River originates in Nasik in Maharashtra and covers the states of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh. Flowing eastwards, it joins in the Bay of Bengal.

KRISHNA BASIN:

It rises near MAHABALESHWAR in Maharashtra and covering an area of 1300 km, it flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh and reaches the Bay of Bengal.

CAUVERY BASIN:

Cauvery River originates in the Western Ghats and covering an area of 760 km, it reaches the Bay of Bengal in Tamil Nadu. The states covered are Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Besides the above other rivers include Mahi, Sabarmati, Subarna Rekha and so on.

CONCLUSION:
All the rivers in India, despite their location, are considered holy by the people. There is a proposal of interlinking all the Indian rivers in order to utilise the waste flowing water in drought areas.

Rivers World

BANKING ABBREVIATIONS

1.   PSBs: PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS
2.   SNBCs: SCHEDULE NON COMMERCIAL BANKS
3.   SENSEX: SENSITIVE INDEX OF STOCK EXCHANGE
4.   GNP: GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
5.   KYC: KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER
6.   RTGS: REAL TIME GROSS SETTLEMENT
7.   NEFT: NATIONAL ELECTRONIC MONEY TRANSFER
8.   EFT: ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER
9.   CBS: CORE BANKING SOLUTIONS
10.LIBOR: LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATE
11.MIBOR: MUMBAI INTERBANK OFFERED RATE
12.MIBID: MUMBAI INTERBANK BID RATE
13.SARFAESI: SECURITISATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST
14.CAMELS: CAPITAL ADEQUECY RATIO, ASSET QUALITY, MANAGEMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS, EARNING OF PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY, SYSTEM AND CONTROLS
15.CAR: CAPITAL ADEQUECY RATIO
16.FIIs: FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS
17.FDI: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
18.IPO: INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
19.MICR: MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER READER
20.BIRD: BANKERS INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
21.IBA: INDIAN BANK ASSOCIATION
22.BPLR: BENCHMARK PRIME LENDING RATE
23.ICICI: INDUSTRIAL CREDIT AND INVESTMENT CORPORATION OF INDIA
24.HDFC: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION
25.SWOT: STRENGETH, WEEKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS
26.SWIFT: SOCIETY FOR WORLDWIDE INTERBANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION
27.FERA: FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATORY ACT
28.FEMA: FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT
29.CASA: CURRENT AND SAVING ACCOUNT
30.NDTL: NET DEMAND AND TIME LIABILITIES
31.NASDAQ: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SECURITIES DEALERS AUTOMATED QUOTATIONS
32.CRISIL: CREDIT RATING AND INVESTMENT SERVICES INDIA LIMITED
33.CIBIL: CREDIT INFORMATION BUREAU OF INDIA LIMITED
34.NAV: NET ASSET VALUE
35.ICRA: INDIAN CREDIT RATING AGENCY
36.CARE: CREDIT ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH LIMITED
37.WMAs: WAYS AND MEANS ADVANCES
38.ALM: ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
39.INFINET INDIAN FINANCIAL NETWORK
40.OLTAS - On-line Tax Accounting System (OLTAS) for Direct Taxes
41.TIN - Tax Information Network (TIN)
42.IMPS - Interbank Mobile Payment Service (IMPS) or Immediate Payment Service
43.CDR- Corporate Debt Restructuring
44.CAD- Capital Account Deficit
45.REITs: Real Estate Investment Trusts
46.InvITs: Infrastructure Investment Trusts
47.ALM- Asset Liability Management
48.ASBA: Application Supported by Blocked Amount
49.CBS: Core Banking Solution
50.PIN: Personal Identification Number
51.CCEA – Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
52.CECA - Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement
53.CEPA – Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreemeny
54.DTAA – Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement
55.ECBs - External Commercial Borrowings
56.EFSF – European Financial Stability Facility
57.FINO- Financial Inclusion Network Operation
58.FIPB – Foreign Investment Promotion board
59.FSLRC – Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission
60.CRAR: Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio
61.LCR: Liquidity Coverage Ratio
62.TARC - Tax Administration Reform Commission
63.GIRO - Government Internal Revenue Order
64.FRBMA: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act
65.AMFI- Association of Mutual Fund in India.
66.TIEA – Tax Information exchange Agreement
67.GAAR - General anti avoidance rule
68.GSLV - Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle
69.PPP – Public Private Partnership & Purchasing Power parity
70.PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch vehicle
71.TAPI - Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India.
72.QFI -Qualified Foreign Investors
73.AD-Authorized Dealer.
74.ASSOCHAM-Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India.
75.BCSBI-Banking Codes and Standards Board of India.
76.BIS-Bank for International Settlements.
77.CDS-Credit Default Swap.
78.CEPA-Comprehensive Economic Partnership Management.
79.FIMMDA-Fixed Income Money MARKETS and Derivatives Association.
80.FPI-Foreign Portfolio Investment.
81.IBRD-International Bank For Reconstruction And Development.
82.UIDAI-Unique Identification Authority of India.

Rivers World

WORLD RIVERS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE:

GK about World Rivers and more……

• Third world comprises of 70% of world population.
• Hamun Mashkel Lake (Baluchistan) is salt water lake.
• Most important crop of Nile delta is Cotton.
• Pak: is 4th among world’s largest cotton producers.
• A famous natural bridge is located in Virginia.
• Eskimos live in North America.
• Iberian Peninsula is a part of Europe.
• The number of CARS is five.
• Height of Islamabad is 2000 ft: above sea level.
• The Devil Tower present in US is a volcano.
• Hudson Bay is largest bay and is in Northern Canada.
• Largest gulf is Gulf of Mexico.
• Grand Canal is oldest man made canal for shipping purpose in China.
• Shark bay is in Western Australia.
• English Channel separates England from France.
• Gulf of Sidra is in Libya.
• Red river is in USA.
• Gulf of lion is in France.
• Churchill water fall is in Canada.
• Danube River is in Romania (Europe). It pours into Black sea.
• The Volga is Europe longest river what is the second longest Danube
• Volga River is in Russia.
• What is the only river that flows both north and south of equator – The Congo
• New Zealand is situated in the region of Oceania.
• Oxus River (also called Amu Darya) is flowing between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is the largest river of central Asia.
• Bari Doab is the area lying between River Ravi and River Beas.
• SURMA is the name of a river.
• Windermere Lake is the largest lake of UK.
• What is France’s longest river: Loire
• Hundroo (Hundrubagh) Water Falls are in India.
• An iceberg floating in sea will have one-tenth of its mass above the surface of water.
• Jog Falls are the highest waterfalls in India.
• Which river is in Lebanon? River Latani
• Highest salinity is found in the Great Salt Lake in USA.
• Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis Hennepin
• Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of Cloves
• Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis Hennepin
• River Darling is in Australia.
• Gateway of Pacific is Panama Canal.
• Panama Canal links Pacific Ocean with Atlantic Ocean.
• Panama Canal was opened in 1914.
• Panama Canal links North America with South America.
• Amazon River crosses Equator twice.
• The Amazon river rises in which country-Peru
• Amazon River is largest river in terms of volume. It is in Brazil. It pours into Atlantic Ocean.
• The longest and largest river in Asia is Yangtze.
• The largest river in China is The Yangtze River.
• The Soan and the Haro are the two rivers of Potohar Plateau.
• Aswan dam is constructed on river Nile.
• World’s largest earth filled dam is Tarbela.
• Voctoria falls are on the border b/w Zimbabwe & South Africa.
• Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in world extending from Peru to Bolivia.
• Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. It is located in Siberia.
• Indus River pours into Arabian Sea.
• After Indus, the longest river is Sutlaj in Pakistan.
• The longest river in South Asia is the Brahmputra.
• Nile River pours its water into Mediterranean Sea.
• Don River pours its water into Sea of Azov.
• Tigris River pours its water into Caspian Sea.
• Lake Mead is a man-made largest lake in the world.
• The largest river in France is Lore
• Most populated lake is Lake Eire.
• Suez Canal is 170 Km long constructed in 1869.
• The Suez Canal was constructed in 1869.
• The Suez Canal link the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. The Canal was constructed by a French Engineer, Ferdinand De Lesseps.
• The Suez Canal was nationalized by Col. Nasser on 26th July, 1956.
• Mariana trench is the deepest part in the ocean and it lies in Pacific Ocean. It is also called the deepest seafloor depression in the world.
• River Zambezi flows in Southeast Africa.
• Euphrates flows in Syria and Iraq.
• Mesopotamia is the region b/w Tigris & Euphrates.
• Mississippi river flows in USA. Mississippi is longest river of America.
• Missouri river flows in USA
• Hudson River flows in USA.
• Lake Michigan flows in USA.
• Golden River flows in Alaska, Canada.
• In what country are the Painted Lakes- Indonesia
• Name the river that flows through Baghdad- Tigris
• What city has the most canals- Birmingham
• Suez Canal was acquired by Britain in 1875 and nationalized by Egypt in 1956. It remains closed 1967-75 after Arab Israel War.
• Thames River is in England.
• Seine River is in France.
• Hang He river is in China.
• Victoria Lake forms boundary line b/w Tanzania and Uganda.
• Victoria Lake is in Africa.
• Source River Jehlum is Verinag.
• Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located in North America (USA-Canada).
• Lake Victoria is located in Kenya-Tanzania and Uganda.
• Great Bear Lake is located in Canada.
• Huron Lake is in USA-Canada.
• In which country would you find Lake Disappointment Australia
• The Amazon river dolphins are what colour- Pink
• Which of the following rivers rises in lake Lan-Ka Tso in Tibet? Sutlej
• Volga river pours its water into Caspian Sea it is longest river of Europe.
• Don is a river of Russia.
• Lake Erie (N.America) is most polluted lake in the world.
• Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada is largest man-made lake in USA.
• Baikal Lake is in Siberian desert.
• Palk Bay lies b/w Gulf of Mannar and Bay of Bengal.
• Panama Canal connects Atlantic Ocean with Pacific Ocean.
• 3- Gorges Dam is in .. China
• Indus originates from Tibet near Mansorowar Lake.
• The Victoria Falls in Africa is located on river Zambezi. It is the highest fall of Africa.
• Mt Merapi is located on Java.
• What is the longest river in Australia- Murray-Darling
• Gulf Stream is an ocean current named after the Gulf of Mexico.
• The panch Pokhri Lake situated in the Himalaya Mountains is the highest lake in the world.
• Aswan dam is in Egypt.
• Word Tsunami is of Japanese language.
• Largest coral reef is in Australia.
• Colorado River forms Grand Canyon.
• River Rhine is in Western Europe.
• The Victoria Falls is located in Zimbabwe.
• Highest fall of world Angel Falls is on river Carrao Venezuela.
• Niagara fall is in North America b/w America & Canada.
• Ribbon fall is in North America.
• Silver Strand fall is in North America.
• Grand Canal is located in People’s Republic of china.
• After Australia, Europe is the smallest continent.
• ‘Victoria falls’ is located in Rhodesia.
• Deccan Plateau is in Asia.
• Asia is the largest continent and covers about 1/3 of the world’s total land area.
• Both the highest and lowest points on the earth are found in Asia.
• The lowest point of Asia is Dead Sea which is about 397 meter below sea level.
• Dead sea lying b/w Israel and Jordan.
• Asia Minor is a geographical expression, a part to Turkey.
• The world’s longest river, the Nile is located in Africa.
• Africa is also known as Dark Continent.
• Highest point of South America is Mount Aconcagua (Argentina) and lowest point is Valdes Peninsula (Argentina).
• Highest Point of North America is Mount Mckinley and the lowest point is Death Valley (California, USA).
• Highest point of Africa is Kibo, a peak of Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) and lowest point is Lake Assal (Djibouti).
• Highest point of Europe is Mount El’brus and the lowest point is Caspian Sea.
• Highest point in Antarctica is Vinson Massif.
• Highest point in Australia is Mount Kosciusko (New South Wales) and the lowest point is Lake Eyre (South Australia).
• The lowest point of the North America is the Death Valley located in California.
• Danube River flows in Austria.
• Victoria River is the chief source of River Nile.
• Dardanelles connects black Sea and Mediterranean.
• Black sea is so called because a dense fog prevails there in winter.
• The river Jordan flows out into the Dead sea
• River Mekong flows in Vietnam.
• River Thames flows in Southern England.
• River boat Gondola is used in Italy’s city Venice.
• Hydespes River is now called the Jhelum River.
• The length of Panama Canal is 50072 miles.
• At the equator, the equation of the day is 12 hours.
• Meridan means mid-day.
• Shale is not a metamorphic rock.

Rio Olympics 2016

Rio Olympic Games 2016 begins on

Friday, August 5

and ends on

Sunday, August 21

Among so many gringos participating in the Rio-Olympics India sustains an important place. The Indian Olympic Association is going to send the nation's largest ever delegation (formerly 120 athletes, but 2 failed doping test by NADA, but are given a week's time for 2nd test; 37 larger than their previous record of 83 athletes in 2012) in Summer Olympic history. India is scheduled to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. 

Indian athletes who are set to travel to Rio Olympics

________________________________________

ARCHERY (4)

Women

1. Deepika Kumari

2. Laxmi Rani Majhi

3. Bombayla Devi (All 3 for Recurve Team event)

Men

4. Atanu Das (Individual Recurve)

________________________________________

ATHLETICS (36)

Men

5. Dharambir (200m)

6. Muhammad Anas Yahiya (400m & 4x400m Relay)

7. Jinson Johnson (800m)

8. Ankit Sharma (Long Jump)

9. Renjith Maheswary (Triple Jump)

10. Inderjeet Singh (Shot Put)   >>>> May be disqualified as he failed in dope test by NADA

11. Vikas Gowda (Discus Throw)

12. Nitendra Singh Rawat (Marathon)

13. Gopi Thonakal (Marathon)

14. Kheta Ram (Marathon)

15. Manish Singh Rawat (20Km Race Walking)

16. Gurpreet Singh (20Km Race Walking)

17. Ganapathi Krishnan (20Km Race Walking)

18. Sandeep Kumar (50Km Race Walking)

19. Arokia Rajiv (4x400m Relay)

20. Kunhu Muhammaed Puthanpurakal (4x400m Relay)

21. Dharun Ayyasamy (4x400m Relay)

22. Mohankumar Raja (4x400m Relay)

23. Lalith Mathur (4x400m Relay)

Women

24. Dutee Chand (100m)

25. Srbani Nanda (200m)

26. Nirmla (400m & 4x400m Relay)

27. Tintu Luka (800m)

28. Sudha Singh (3000m Steeple Chase)

29. Lalit Shivaji Babar (3000m Steeple Chase)

30. Manpreet Kaur (Shot Put)

31. Seema Punia (Discus Throw)

32. O.P. Jaisha (Marathon)

33. Kavita Tungar Raut (Marathon)

34. Khushbir Kaur (20km Race Walking)

35. Sapana (20km Race Walking)

36. Poovamma Raju Machettira (4x400m Relay)

37. Anilda Thomas (4x400m Relay)

38. Jisna Mathew (4x400m Relay)

39. Aswani Chidananda Akkunji (4x400m Relay)

40. Debashree Mazumdar (4x400m Relay)

________________________________________

BADMINTON (7)

Men

41. Kidambi Srikanth Nammalwar

42. Manu Atthri

43. Sumeet Reddy Buss

Women

44. Saina Nehwal

45. P.V. Sindhu

46. Jwala Gutta

47. Ashwini Ponnappa

________________________________________

BOXING (3)

Men

48. Shiv Thapa (56 kg)

49. Manoj Kumr (64 kg)

50. Vikas Krishan (75 kg)

________________________________________

GOLF (3)

Men

51. Anirban Lahiri

52. Shivsankar Prasad Chawrasia

Women

53. Aditi Ashok

________________________________________

GYMNASTICS (1)

Women

54. Dipa Karmakar (Artistic - Individual Alround)

________________________________________

JUDO (1)

Men

55. Avtar Singh (90 kg)

________________________________________

ROWING (1)

Men

56. Bhokanal Dattu Baban (M1x Men's Singles Sculls)

________________________________________

SHOOTING (12)

Men

57. Abhinav Bindra (10m air rifle)

58. Kynan Chenai (Trap)

59. Mairaj Ahmad Khan (Skeet)

60. Prakash Nanjappa (50m pistol)

61. Gagan Narang (10m air rifle, 50m rifle prone, 50m rifle 3 positions)

62. Jitu Rai (10m air pistol, 50m pistol)

63. Chaini Singh (50m rifle prone, 50m rifle 3 positions)

64. Gurpreet Singh (10m air pistol, 25m rapid fire pistol)

65. Manavjit Singh Sandhu (Trap)

Women

66. Apurvi Chandela (10m air rifle)

67. Ayonika Paul (10m air rifle)

68. Heena Sidhu (10m air pistol, 25m pistol)

________________________________________

SWIMMING (2)

69. Sajan Prakash (200m butterfly)

70. Shivani (200m freestyle)

________________________________________

TABLE TENNIS (4)

Men

71. Achanta Sharath Kamal (Singles)

72. Soumyajit Ghosh (Singles)

Women

73. Mouma Das (Singles)

74. Manik Batra (Singles)

________________________________________

WRESTLING (8)

Men

75. Yogeshwar Dutt (FR 65 kg)

76. Narsingh Pancham Yadav (FR 74 kg) >> May be disqualified as he failed in doping test by NADA

77. Sandeep Tomar (FR 57 kg)

78. Hardeep (GR 98 kg)

79. Ravinder Khatri (GR 85 kg)

Women

80. Sakshi Malik (FR 58 kg)

81. Vinesh (FR 48 Kg)

82. Babita Kumari (FR 53 kg)

________________________________________

WEIGHTLIFTING (2)

83. Sathish Kumar Sivalingam (Men's 77 kg)

84. Mirabhai Chanu Saikhom (Women's 48 kg)

________________________________________

TENNIS (4)

Men

85. Rohan Bopanna

86. Leander Paes

Women

87. Sania Mirza

88. Prarthana Thombare

HOCKEY (32)

Men

89. Sreejesh P.R. (captain)

90. Rupinder Pal Singh

91. Raghunath V.R.

92. Kothajit Singh

93. Surender Kumar

94. Harmanpreet Singh

95. Danish Mujtaba

96. Chinglensana Singh Kangujam

97. Manpreet Singh

98. Sardar Singh

99. Uthappa S.K.

100. Devindar Sunil Walmiki

101. Sunil S.V.

102. Akashdeep Singh

103. Ramandeep Singh

104. Chandanda Aiyanna Nikkin Thimmaiah

Women

105. Navjot Kaur

106. Deep Grace Ekka

107. Monika

108. Nikki Pradhan

109. Anuradha Devi Thockcha

110. Savita

111. Poonam Rani

112. Vandana Katariya

113. Deepika

114. Namita Toppo

115. Renuka Yadav

116. Sunita Lakra

117. Sushila Chanu Pukhrambam (captain)

118. Rani

119. Preeti Dubey

120. Lilima Minz

Let's have a look at India's brightest medal prospects in Rio. It means they are very important from the exam point of view:

1) SAINA NEHWAL

Discipline: Badminton

Recent performances: She defended her Australian Open Superseries title and settled for a bronze at the Asian Championships.

Bio: Saina won a bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympics. Currently ranked No. 5 in the world, Saina became the first Indian woman to No. 1 spot in last year. She is the only Indian shuttler to win an Olympic medal.

2) PV SINDHU

Discipline: Badminton

Recent performances: World No. 10 PV Sindhu has had an inconsistent run the in the women's singles in badminton. Her lone title this year came in the Malaysia Masters where she beat Scotland's Kirsty Gilmour in the final. Last year she clinched the Macau Open title thus, completing a hat-trick.

Bio: PV Sindhu is the first ever women's singles player to win a medal at the World Championships, where she won the bronze in 2013 and 2014. Injuries have let her down throughout her career but she will be a dark horse in the women's singles event at Rio.

3) SRIKANTH KIDAMBI

Discipline: Badminton

Recent performances: Srikanth's moment of glory remains his win over badminton legend Lin Dan in the 2014 China Open Super Series final where he registered a stunning 21-19, 21-17 victory to become the first Indian to win a Super Series men's title. He clinched the Syed Modi International this year and won two more gold medals at the 2016 South Asian Games.

Bio: The past two years have been terrific for Srikanth as he became the first Indian male to win the Swiss Open Grand Prix and clinched the India Open Super Series right after that, on both occasions he defeated Viktor Axelsen in the finals. The China Open win will always be special for him while he also has a Thailand Open Grand Prix title to his credit.

4) DEEPIKA KUMARI

Discipline: Archery

Recent performances: One of India's biggest medal hopes, Deepika Kumari had to settle for silver in the mixed recurve pair event at the Archery World Cup in Kazakhstan. Deepika qualified for the Rio Olympics after scoring 686/720 in the women's recurve event at the World Cup in 2015, equalling the world record score earlier held by South Korea's Bo-Bae.

Bio: Deepika Kumari is a former world No. 1 ranked archer in women's recurve and won her first World Cup gold in the individual recurve stage in 2012. She also won a gold medal in the 2013 Archery World Cup and has 3 silver medals so far.

5) BOMBAYLA DEVI

Discipline: Archery

Recent performances: Nicknamed 'Bom', Bombayla Devi will be competing against her teammate Deepika Kumari in the women's individual events at Rio. Bombayla won a silver medal in the team event at the World Cup in Shanghai this year.

Bio: Bombayla will be competing in her third successive Olympics this year. She clinched the ticket to Rio after edging out Rimil Buriuly in the Olympic trials which consisted of six stages. She won the Gold in the 2010 CWG in the recurve team event and has 12 podium finishes in World Cups and World Championships to her credit.

6) LAXMIRANI MAJHI

Discipline: Archery

Recent performances: Laxmirani Majhi will be making her maiden appearance at the Olympics this year. She clinched a silver medal in the individual recurve event and the team event at the 2015 Archery World Championships in Copenhagen last year, which got her a ticket to Rio.

Bio: Laxmirani is the least experienced in her team comprising of Deepika Kumari and Bombayla Devi. But her consistency leading up to the Games has been impressive. She is also one of the most accurate archers going around, one who can gets the 10s quite frequently.

7) IRFAN KOLOTHUM THODI 

Discipline: 20km racewalk

Recent performances: Irfan, popularly known as KT, narrowly missed out on the bronze medal at the 2013 IAAF World Walking Challenge where he was controversially disqualified from the race after committing three fouls. He came fourth in the Rio Olympic qualification event to secure his second consecutive Olympic berth for India.

Bio: Irfan is the current Indian record holder who burst onto the scene of race walking after securing a tenth-place finish at the London Olympics. He covered the 20km race in 1:22.19. He was forced to take a three-year hiatus from the sport due to a right ankle stress fracture.

8) TINTU LUKA

Discipline: Women's 800m

Recent performances: Tintu Luka is being trained by legendary Indian athlete P.T. Usha and she made it to the Rio Olympic squad thanks to a time of 2:00.95 minutes at the 2015 World Athletics Championships in Beijing. She secured a gold in the Asian Athletics Championships in the 800m event and won a silver in the 4x400m relay.

Bio: Tintu's impressive record includes a silver medal at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon and a gold in the women's 4x400m relay in the same competition, which also saw India clinch its fourth consecutive gold since 2002.

9) VIKAS GOWDA

Discipline: Discus

Recent performances: Vikas made it to the Rio-bound squad after IAAF lowered its entry standards for athletes in order to have more participation in the track and field events during the games. He suffered a minor shoulder injury recently making him doubtful for the Games. But his father has assured that the ace discus thrower will be fit before the Olympics.

Bio: Vikas Gowda is being touted as one of the major medal hopefuls for India. Based in the United States, Vikas finished in eighth place in the London Games finals. He is the current national record holder and has two Asian Athletics gold medals to his credit. He also won a gold at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

In short Rio Olympics

TAX STRUCTURE IN INDIA

1) What r u doing ?
Ans. : Business
Tax : PAY PROFESSIONAL TAX!

2) What r u doing in Business?
Ans. : Selling the Goods.
Tax : PAY SALES TAX!

3) From where r u getting Goods?
Ans. : From other Area / State / Abroad.
Tax : PAY CENTRAL SALES TAX, CUSTOM DUTY & OCTROI AND NOW LBT & LPT!

4) What r u getting in Selling Goods?
Ans. : Profit
Tax : PAY INCOME TAX!
How do you distribute profit ?
Ans. : By way of dividend
Tax : Pay DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION TAX!

5) Where r u Manufacturing the Goods?
Ans. : Factory
Tax : PAY EXCISE DUTY!

6) Do u have Office / Warehouse / Factory?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY MUNICIPAL & FIRE TAX!

7) Do you have Staff?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY STAFFS PROFESSIONAL TAX!

8) Doing Business in Millions?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY TURNOVER TAX!
Ans. : No
Tax : Then pay MINIMUM ALTERNATE TAX (MAT)

9) R u taking out over 25,000 Cash from Bank?
Ans. : Yes, for Salary
Tax : PAY CASH HANDLING TAX!

10) Where r u lodging your client?
Ans. : Hotel
Tax : PAY LUXURY TAX!

11) R u going Out of Station for Business?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY FRINGE BENEFIT TAX!

12) Have u taken or given any Service/s?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY SERVICE TAX!

13) How come u got such a Big Amount?
Ans. : Gift on Birthday
Tax : PAY GIFT TAX!

14) Do u have any Wealth?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY WEALTH TAX!

15) To reduce tension, for entertainment, where are you going?
Ans. : Cinema or Resort
Tax : PAY ENTERTAINMENT TAX!

16) Have u purchased House?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY STAMP DUTY & REGISTRATION FEE!

17) How do u Travel ?
Ans: Bus
Tax : PAY SURCHARGE!

18) Any Additional Tax?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY EDUCATION CESS, SECONDARY & HIGHER EDUCATION CESS & SURCHARGE ON ALL THE CENTRAL GOVT. TAXES !!!

19) Delayed any time Paying Any Tax?
Ans. : Yes
Tax : PAY INTEREST & PENALTY!

20) Do you want growth of India.?
Ans. : Of course, Yes
Tax : Then pay , WATER TAX, ROAD TAX,  SWATCH BHARATH Cess, ETC. ETC.

 INDIAN  : Can I die now?
Ans. : Wait we are about to launch the FUNERAL TAX!

LoL

Indian States and their Taglines

1. Kerela- God's own country.
2. Goa- Go Goa.
3. Punjab- India begins here.
4. Meghalaya – half way to heaven.
5. Orissa- the s0ul of India.
6. Karnataka- one state, many worlds.
7. Gujarat-vibrantgujarat.
8. Himachal Pradesh – unforgettable himachal.
9. Chattishgarh- full of surprises .
10. Rajasthan- Incredible state of INDIA.
11. Uttar Pradesh- amazing heritage grand experience.
12. Madhya Pradesh- The heart of incredible India.
13. Andhra Pradesh- The essence of incredible India.
14. Arunachal pradesh- The land of dawn-lit m0untains.
15. Bihar- blissful bihar.
16. D & N haveli- d land of natural beauty.
17. Haryana- a pi0neer in highway tourism.
18. J&k- Chalo kashmir.
19. Jharkhand- a new experience.
20. Manipur- jewel of India.
21. Nagaland-land of festivals.
22. Sikkim- small but beautiful.
23. TM-enchanting tamilnadu.
24. Tripura-visit agartala.
25. Uttarakhand-exploring uttara.
26. WB-beautiful bengal.
27. Lakshadweep-99%fun in 1%land.
28. Pondicherry- give time a break.
29. New delhi- dildaar delhi.

Major Thermal Power Plants (TPP) in India

Power Station ---District---State

1. Mundra (TPP)- Kutch- Gujarat
2. Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station -Singrauli -Madhya Pradesh
3. Tirora (TPP)- Gondia -Maharashtra
4. Amravati (TPP)- Amravati- Maharashtra
5. Korba Super Thermal Power Plant- Korba -Chhattisgarh
6. Sant Singaji (TPP) -East Nimar- Madhya Pradesh
7. Chandrapur Super (TPP)- Chandrapur- Maharashtra
8. Sipat Thermal Power Plant -Bilaspur- Chattisgarh
9. Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station- Nagpur- Maharashtra
10. Satpura Thermal Power Station -Betul - Madhya Pradesh
11. Ukai Thermal Power Station- Tapi- Gujarat
12. Bhilai Expansion Power Plant- Durg -Chhattisgarh
13. Sikka Thermal Power Station- Jamnagar- Gujarat
14. Talcher Super Thermal Power Station -Angul- Odisha
15. Hirakud Captive Power Plant -Sambalpur- Odisha
16. Barauni Thermal Power Station -Begusarai- Bihar
17. Patratu Thermal Power Station -Jaisalmer- Jharkhand
18. Bokaro Thermal Power Station -Bokaro- Jharkhand
19. Durgapur Thermal Power Station -Bardhaman- West Bengal
20. Rihand Thermal Power Station -Sonebhadra- UP
21. Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station -Sonebhadra- UP
22. Anpara Thermal Power Station -Sonebhadra- UP
23. Obra Thermal Power Station -Sonebhadra- UP
24. Rosa (TPS) - Shahjahanpur- UP
25. Chhabra (TPP) -Baran - Rajasthan
26. Panki (TPS)- Kanpur -Uttar Pradeh
27. Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant -Vishakapatnam- Andhra Pradesh
28. Udupi Thermal Power Plant- Udupi - Karnataka
29. Bellary Thermal Power station- Bellary -Karnataka
30. Mettur Theral Power Station- Salem- Tamil Nadu

LIST OF IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN PASSES IN INDIA

1. Dungri La Pass - The Dungri la pass or Mana Pass is the high altitude mountain pass and is located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of the Zanskar mountain range in the Uttarakhand. It connects India and Tibet.

2. Chang La Pass - Chang La Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5300 m and is one of the highest motorable road in the world which connects Indus Valley to Pangong Lake region. Changtang plateau is known for its high altitude giant lakes and vast highlands of great Himalayas.

3. Debsa Pass - Debsa Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5360 m in the Himalayas. It is a high mountain pass in Greater Himalayas and connects the Kullu and Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh. Spiti Valley is a desert mountain land between Tibet and India.

4. Karakoram Pass - The Karakoram Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m between India and China in the Karakoram Range. The Karakoram Pass is the oldest route between Leh and Yarkant and is the tallest pass of the Karakoram Mountain Range. The Siachen Glacier is situated in the eastern Karakoram range.

5. Sela Pass - The frozen Sela Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,170 m in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh. Sela Pass connects Tawang to rest of India through Tezpur and Guwahati. It receives heavy snowfall in winter but remain opens throughout the year. It is the only Gateway to the Tawang and Buddhist Tawang Monastery.

6. Khardung La Pass - Khardung La Pass Bomdi La 5,800 m. Khardung La Pass is the highest motorable pass and one of the highest motorable road in the country. Khardung La pass is located near Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.

7. Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) - Banihal Pass is situated at an elevation of 2,850 m in the Pir-Panjal Range. Banihal Pass connects Jammu with Srinagar. The pass remains covered with snow during the winter season. The Jawahar Tunnel was inaugurated in 1956.

8. Bomdi La Pass - Bomdi La is situated at an elevation of 2600 m to the east of Bhutan in the Greater Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh. It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, Tibet.

9. Diphu Pass - Diphu Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,587 m. Diphu Pass is a mountain pass at the tri-point of the borders of India, China, and Burma. It is a traditional pass between India and Myanmar which remains open throughout the year for transportation and trade. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Assam.

10. Khunjerab Pass - Khunjerab Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m. is a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains in a strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan Hunza - Nagar District on the southwest border of the Xinjiang region of China.

11. Jelep La Pass - Jelep La Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,267 m. This pass connects Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet.

12. Lipu-Lekh Pass - Lipu-Lekh Pass is situated at an elevation of 5,340 m. It connects the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with Tibet.

13. Nathu La Pass - Nathu La Pass is a mountain pass in the Himalayas and is situated at an elevation of 4,310 m. It connects Sikkim (India) with China. It is one of the three open trading border posts between India and China, the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.

14. Pir-Panjal Pass - Pir-Panjal Pass is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around 51 km from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India. Manali-Leh Highway, a part of NH 21, transverses Rohtang Pass.

15. Shipki La Pass - Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People's Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China.

16. Zoji La - Zoji La is situated at an elevation of 3,950 m. It connects Srinaga

SUPERLATIVES IN INDIA

◆Longest Canal →Indira Gandhi Canal at Rajasthan
◆Longest Dam→ Hirakud Dam at
Odisha
◆Highest Lake→ Devatal Lake,
Uttarakhand
◆Largest Planetarium→ Birla Planetarium
◆Deepest River Valley→ Bhagirathi and
Alaknanda
◆Longest Sea Beach →Marina Beach, Chennai
◆Biggest River→ Island Majuli, Brahmaputra River, Assam
◆Tallest TV Tower Fazilka (Punjab)
◆Longest Railway Tunnel→Pir Panjal Tunnel(Jammu and Kashmir)11.2 km
◆Highest Dam→Bhakra Dam, Sutlej
River, Punjab
◆Highest Waterfall →Jog or Garsoppa,
Karnataka
◆Largest Zoo→ Kolkata Zoological
Garden
◆Longest Corridor→ Corridor of
Ramanathaswami Temple,
Rameshwaram,Tamilnadu
◆Longest River Bridge→ Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna, 5.575 km
◆Largest Delta →Sunderbans State with longest coastline Gujarat
◆Largest Dome Gol Gumbuz, Bijapur,
Karnataka
◆Longest sea bridge →Anna Indira Gandhi Sea bridge
◆Biggest Stadium →Yuva Bharati stadium, Kolkata
◆Largest Mosque →Jama Masjid, Delhi
Highest Airport Leh Airport
◆Largest Desert→ Thar Desert State with Maximum forest cover Madhya Pradesh
◆Longest Railway Platform→Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh
◆Largest Cave Temple →Kailash Temple,Maharashtra
◆Longest National Highway→NH-7 (Varanasi to Kanyakumari)
◆Highest Civilian Award→Bharat Ratna
◆Highest Gallantry Award→Param Vir Chakra
◆Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple,
Amristar
◆Largest cave →Amarnath
◆Largest Public Sector bank→
State Bank of India
◆Most populous city →Mumbai
◆Highest Peak →Godwin Austin
◆Tallest statue→ Gomateswar (Karnataka)
◆Highest battle ground→ Siachen Glacier
◆Oldest Church→ St Thomas Church at
Trichur, Kerala

INTERNATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE

Dow jones - new York . USA
Nikkei - Tokyo . Japan
Hang Seng - Hongkong
DAX - Frankfurt . Germany
Simex - Singapore
Kospi - Seoul . South Korea
SET - Bangkok . Thailand
Tai Ex - Taipei . Taiwan
NASDAQ - new York . USA
Bovespa - Brazil
IPC - Mexico
SMI - Switzerland
CAC 40 - France
IDEX 35 - Spain
MTSE 100 - London . UK
ADX general - UAE
BSE - Mumbai . India
NSE - Mumbai . India
KSE - Karachi . Pakistan

7thPayCommission‬ Highlights

1. 7th Pay Commission covers 47 lakh government employees and 53 lakh pensioners.

2. 7th Pay Commission recommendations by and large accepted by the government.

3. Recommendations of 7th Pay Commission to be implemented from 1st January, 2016.

4. Minimum Pay of ₹ 18000 recommended against the existing ₹ 7000 p.m. Rate of Annual increment stays - 3%.

5. The total financial impact in FY 2016-17 is likely to be ₹1,02,100 crore.

6. 7th Pay Commission recommendations to be implemented within 6 months from due date.

7. 7th Pay Commission recommendations on pension and related benefits approved in general.

8. Pending decision by Committee, existing allowances to continue.

9. Existing rates of monthly contribution towards Group Insurance to continue.

10. Committee of Secretaries to look into 7th Pay Commission recommendations on National Pension System.

11. Starting pay in each Level of Pay Matrix calculated by applying Index of Rationalisation.

12. Grade Pay and Pay Band structure to be replaced by Pay Matrix, comprising 19 Levels.

Major Ports in India

Major ports in India have been classified into three categories by the Waterways Authority of India: major, minor and intermediate ports.
Being one of the biggest peninsulas in the world India coastline covers the area of 7516.6 km.
It has 13 major ports, 200 notified minor and intermediate ports, and all are situated in the nine coastal Indian State: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Bengal.

Out of 13 major ports of India, 12 are Government run ports and one, Ennore port of Chennai, is a corporate one, and is located at Coromandel Coast Tamil Nadu along with private Krishapatnam Port.

12 major ports in India are :

Vizag Port (Andhra Pradesh): Vizag or the port city of Visakhapatnam, one of the India’s largest port and the oldest shipyard, is established on the southeast coast of India in Andhra Pradesh. It is the only natural harbour in the Bay of Bengal. Vizag is situated among the great hills of Estern Ghats. Krishnapatnam port is a privately built deep water port in Andhra Pradesh.

Mormugoa Port (Goa): Situated in South Goa it is the main port of Goa. It holds the position or one of the leading iron ores and raw materials exporter in India. Alongwith the beautiful city of Vasco da Gama and International Airport Dabolin Mormugoa Port is one of the major attractions of Goa. As the natural harbour of Goa it holds the distinction of being one of India’s earliest modern ports.

Kandla Port (Gujarat): Located on the Gulf of Kutch near first special economic zone in India as well as in Asia. It is the hub for major imports like petroleum, chemicals and iron. Grains, salts and textiles are exported from this port. It is one or the highest earning ports in India. Another port situated in Gujarat is Mundra Port that is India’s largest private port.

Panambur Port (Karnataka): Situated near SurathKal railway station in Dakshine Kannada district of Karnataka, This Port is known as the New Mangalore Port. It is a deep water all weather port. Major commodities like manganese, granite stones, coffee and cashew are exported from here and the main imports comprise timber logs, LPG, petroleum products and cargo containers.

Cochin Port (Kerala): The Cochin Port, the major port on the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean Sea route, is situated on two islands of Willingdon and Vallarpadam. This port has the largest container transshipman facility in India. The port is equipped with maritime facilities such as Cochin Refineries and Kochi Marina. For its traditional spices Kochi is famous all over the world.

Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Maharashtra): Situated at the mainland of Konkan area, Maharashtra, it is the King Port of Arabian Sea at the West coast that handles a large volume of International container traffic and domestic cargo traffic. This port’s major exports include machinery, vegetable oils and chemical. It is the largest container port among major ports in India. Formerly it was known as Nhava-Sheva Port.

Mumbai Port: Situated in the mainland of West Mumbai on the West Cost, this is the largest among ports in India. With its four Jitters it deals in bulk cargo traffic for handling Liquid chemicals, Crude and petroleum products. Mumbai Port’s International container traffic is directed to the new and big Nhava Shiva Port.

Port Blair (Andaman): Situated at the Juncture of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, Port Blair, the youngest sea port among ports in India, is the capital city of Andaman Nicobar Islands. This Island port is connected to Indian mainland through flight and ship. This port is the principal hub for shipping in Andaman Islands. It is known for its scuba diving, water sports and virgin beaches.

Tuticorin Port (Tamil Nadu): One of the largest container terminal in India, the artificial deep-sea port of Tuticorin is a all-weather port that gets a large volume of International traffic. It is a best port for maritime trade and pearl fishery on the Bay of Bengal.

Chennai Port: The largest port in the Bay of Bengal and the second largest port in the country, Chennai port handle automobiles, a variety of cargo containers, coal terminals comprise of lighthouses, Intra port connectivity, Pipelines and railway terminus.

Paradip Port (Orissa): situated at the conjecture of river Mahanandi and the Bay of Bengal the Jagatsinghpur district of Orissa, Paradip Port is a deep water artificial port of East Coast. Though a national highway connects the port with the Indian road networks, it has its own railway system and cold handling part.

Haldia Port (West Bengal): Located near the Hooghly River of West Bengal Calcutta or Haldia Port is a very important trade center for Kolkata, which gets bulk cargoes of chemicals, petrochemicals and oils. This port also functions as a base of Indian Coast Guard.

LIST OF NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH

1. Bandhavgarh National Park
2. Kanha National Park
3. Madhav National Park
4. Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
5. Panna National Park
6. Pench National Park
7. Sanjay National Park
8. Satpura National Park
9. Van Vihar National Park

KARNATAKA

1. Bandipur National Park
2. Bannerghatta National Park (Bannerghatta Biological Park)
3. Kudremukh National Park
4. Nagarhole National Park

JHARKHAND

1. Betla National Park
2. Hazaribagh National Park

ODISHA

1. Bhitarkanika National Park
2. Nandankanan Zoological Park
3. Simlipal National Park

GUJARAT

1. Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar
2. Gir Forest National Park
3. Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
4. Vansda National Park

WEST BENGAL

1. Buxa Tiger Reserve
2. Gorumara National Park
3. Jaldapara National Park
4. Neora Valley National Park
5. Singalila National Park
6. Sundarbans National Park

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLAND

1. Campbell Bay National Park
2. Galathea National Park
3. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
4. Middle Button Island National Park
5. Mount Harriet National Park
6. North Button Island National Park
7. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park
8. Saddle Peak National Park
9. South Button Island National Park

MAHARASHTRA

1. Chandoli National Park
2. Gugamal National Park
3. Navegaon National Park
4. Sanjay Gandhi National Park
5. Tadoba National Park

JAMMU & KASHMIR

1. Dachigam National Park
2. Hemis National Park
3. Kishtwar National Park
4. Salim Ali National Park

RAJASTHAN

1. Darrah National Park
2. Desert National Park
3. Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary
4. Ranthambore National Park
5. Sariska Tiger Reserve

ASSAM

1. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
2. Kaziranga National Park
3. Manas National Park
4. Orang National Park

UTTAR PRADESH

1. Dudhwa National Park

TAMIL NADU

1. Guindy National Park
2. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
3. Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
4. Mudumalai National Park
5. Mukurthi National Park
6. Palani Hills National Park

KERALA

1. Eravikulam National Park
2. Mathikettan Shola National Park
3. Periyar National Park
4. Silent Valley National Park

UTTARAKHAND

1. Gangotri National Park
2. Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Jim Corbett National Park
4. Nanda Devi National Park
5. Rajaji National Park
6. Valley of Flowers National Park

HIMANCHAL PRADESH

1. Great Himalayan National Park
2. Pin Valley National Park

PUNJAB

1. Harike Wetland

CHATTISGARH

1. Indravati National Park
2. Kanger Ghati National Park

HARYANA

1. Kalesar National Park
2. Sultanpur National Park

TELANGANA

1. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park
2. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park
3. Mrugavani National Park

MANIPUR

1. Keibul Lamjao National Park
2. Sirohi National Park

RAJASTHAN

1. Keoladeo National Park

SIKKIM

1. Khangchendzonga National Park

GOA

1. Mollem National Park
ARUNANCHAL PRADESH
1. Mouling National Park
2. Namdapha National Park
3. Nameri National Park

MIZORAM

1. Murlen National Park
2. Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park

NAGALAND

1. Ntangki National Park

ANDHRA PRADESH

1. Papikonda National Park
2. Sri Venkateswara National Park

BIHAR

1. Valmiki National Park

MEGHALAYA

1. Balphakram National Park
2. Nokrek National Park

Types of ATM

An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic banking outlet, which allows customers to complete basic transactions without the aid of a branch representative or teller.

Different Types Of ATM Are As Follows: 

1. On site ATM - Is situated either within the branch premises or in very close proximity of the branch.

2. Off-site ATM - Is not situated within the branch premises but is located at other places, such as shopping centers, airports, railways station and petrol stations.

3. Worksite ATM - Is located within the premises of an organization and is generally meant only for the employees of the organization.

4. Cash Dispenser - Allows only cash withdrawals, balance enquiry and mini statement requests, cash dispenser(CD) is generally used as the ATM, however the customer cannot deposit cash or cheques in a CD, where, they can use ATM both for cash withdrawal and for depositing cash or cheque.

5. Mobile ATM - refers to an ATM that moves in various areas for the customers. Few private banks have introduced ATM on wheels.

6. White Label ATM - White Label ATMs are those ATMs which set up, owned and operated by nonbank entities, which have been incorporated under Companies Act 1956, and after obtaining RBI’s approval

7. Green Label ATM - Provided for Agricultural Transaction

8. Orange Label ATM - Provided for Share Transactions

9. Yellow Label ATM - provided for E-commerce

10. PINK label ATM - Provided for women banking

11.BROWN label ATM - These ATM's are those where hardware and the lease of the ATM machine is owned by a service provider, but cash management and connectivity to banking networks is provided by a sponsor bank .

BRAND AMBASSADORS

1) JOHN ABRAHAM - Nissan

2) AMITABH BACCHAN - Incredible India campaign, TVS Jupiter, Cycle Agarbathi

3) AMIR KHAN - Drought free Maharashtra

4) AKSHAY KUMAR - Kwality

5) VIVEK OBEROI - Donear suiting

6) HRITIK ROSHAN - Oppo, VIP Bags

7) ARJUN KAPOOR - Hero Cycle

8) TIGER SHROFF - HRX

9) RANBIR KAPOOR - Renault India, Lays

10) SHAH RUKH KHAN - Reliance Jio 4G, West Bengal’s new tourist campaign

11) ANUPAM KHER - Gender Equality

12) RANVIR SINGH - Colgate, Arihant Superstructure Ltd

13) VARUN DHAWAN - Philips, FC Goa

14) VIRAT KOHLI - BSF

15) SAURAV GANGULY - 2017 FIFA U17 world cup, Senco gold and diamond

16) VIRENDRA SEHWAG - J K Cement

17) M S DHONI - Sun Pharma, Grand Midwest Group, Pepsi, Reid & Taylor

18) SURESH RAINA - Pure Play

19) SACHIN TENDULKAR - Fiat, Oxygen Wallet

20) YUVRAJ SINGH - Reebok, UC Browser

21) NICOLE KIDMAN - Etihad Airways

22) AB DE VILLIERS - MRF

23) LIONEL MESSI - Huawei, Tata motors

24) SANIA MIRZA - Kesh King

25) MARY C KOM - Northeast

26) MARIA SHARAPOVA - Nike, Porsche & Tag heuer hasty

27) KANGANA RANAUT - Tata sky, Reebok, Voylla

28) JAQUELINE FARNANDEZ - Titan

29) PARINEETI CHOPRA - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

30) SONAM KAPOOR - Kalyan Jewellers, Oppo

31) KATRINA KAIF - Jaguar XE

32) DEEPIKA PADUKONE - Tissot

33) KAREENA KAPOOR - Benelave

34) PRIYANKA CHOPRA - Incredible India Campaign, Colgate

35) SHRUTI HASAN - Lloyd

36) SASHA CHETTRI - Airtel 4G

37) MAHESH BABU - Intex

38) ANKIT FADIA - DIGITAL INDIA

39) IRA SINGHAL - Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

40) NOVAK DJOKOVIC - UNICEF

41) PIRUZ KHAMBATTA - MAKE IN INDIA

42) SHILPA REDDY COWA - (Confederation of Women Entrepreneurs)

43) MANJU WARRIER(Indian film actress and dancer known for her work in Malayalam film) - Kitchen treasure

44) JAAVED JAAFERI - India International Animation and Cartoon Film Festival(IIACFF)

45) Viv Richards (former West Indian cricketer) - HYATT REGENCY

Civil Services of India

Civil Services is the backbone of administrative machinery of India. It is referred as permanent bureaucracy.

Values

A member of the civil service in discharge of his/her functions is to be guided by maintaining absolute integrity, allegiance to the constitution and the law of the nation, patriotism, national pride, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality and transparency.

Codes

The Government of India promotes values and a certain standard of ethics of requiring and facilitating every civil servant:

1. To discharge official duty with responsibility, honesty, accountability and without discrimination.
2. To ensure effective management, leadership development and personal growth.
3. To avoid misuse of official position or information.
4. To serve as instruments of good governance and foster social economic development.

Classification

The Civil Services of India can be classified into two types – the All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A and B). The recruits are university graduates (or above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations, called the Civil Services Examination (CSE) conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

All India Civil Services (AIS)

All appointments to All India Civil Services are made by the President of India.

Indian Administrative Service
Indian Forest Service
Indian Police Service

Central Civil Services (CCS)

The Central Civil Services are concerned with the administration of the Union Government.

Group A

All appointments to Civil Services, Group A are made by the President of India.

1. Indian Foreign Service, Group A
2. Central Secretariat Service, Group A (Selection Grade and Grade I officers only)
3. Indian Revenue Service, Group A
4. Indian Economic Service, Group A
5. Indian Audits and Accounts Service, Group A
6. Indian Postal Service, Group A
7. Indian Defense Accounts Service, Group A
8. Indian Defence Estates Service, Group A
9. Indian Statistical Service, Group A
10. Indian Telecommunication Service, Group A
11. Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group A
12. Indian Cost Accounts Service, Group A
13. Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group A
14. Indian Meteorological Service, Group A
15. Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group A
16. Indian Salt Service, Group A
17. Indian Frontier Administrative Service, Group A
18. Indian Information Service, Group A
19. Indian Supply Service, Group A
20. Indian Engineering Service, Group A
21. Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group A
22. Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group A
23. Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group A
24. Central Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical) Service, Group A
25. Central Water Engineering Service, Group A
26. Central Power Engineering Service, Group A
27. Central Engineering Service (Roads), Group A
28. Central Health Service, Group A
29. Central Revenues Chemical Service, Group A
30. Indian Trade Service, Group A
31. Central Legal Service (Grades I, II, III and IV only)
32. Indian Archaeological Service, Group A
33. Geological Survey of India, Group A
34. Zoological Survey of India, Group A
35. Botanical Survey of India, Group A
36. General Central Service, Group A
37. Mercantile Marine Training Ship Service, Group A
38. Directorate General of Mines Safety, Group A
39. Overseas Communications Service, Group A
40. Survey of India, Group A
41. Railway Inspectorate Service, Group A
42. Telegraph Traffic Service, Group A
43. Company Law Board Service, Group A
44. Labour Officers of the Central Pool, Group A
45. Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services, Group A

Group B

All appointments to Group B are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President.

1. Indian Foreign Service, Group ‘B’ – (General Cadre, Grade I and General Cadre, Grade II only)
2. Central Secretariat Service, Group ‘B’ (Section and Assistants’ Grade officers only)
3. Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘B’ Telecommunication Wing.
4. Indian Posts & Telegraphs Accounts & Finance Service, Postal Wing, Group ‘B’
5. Indian Salt Service, Group ‘B’
6. India Meteorological Service, Group ‘B’
7. Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group ‘B’
8. Central Secretariat Stenographers’ Service, (Grade I, Grade II and Selection Grade officers only)
9. Central Health Service, Group ‘B’
10. Income Tax Service, Group ‘B’
11. Botanical Survey of India, Group ‘B’.
12. Geological Survey of India, Group ‘B’.
13. Geological Survey of India, Group ‘B’.
14. Survey of India, Group ‘B’.
15. Zoological Survey of India, Group ‘B’.
16. Central Electrical Engineering Service, Group ‘B’.
17. Central Engineering Service, Group ‘B’.
18. Central Power Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
19. Postal Superintendents’ Service, Group ‘B’
20. Postmasters’ Service, Group ‘B’
21. Telecommunication Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
22. Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group ‘B
23. Central Excise Service, Group ‘B’
24. Customs Appraisers Service, Group ‘B’- (Principal Appraisers and Head Appraisers)
25. Customs Preventive Service, Group ‘B’ – (Chief Inspectors)
26. Defence Secretariat Service
27. Union Territories Administrative Service
28. Union Territorries Police Service

State Civil Services (SCS/PCS)

The State Civil Services (also known as Provincial Civil Services) examinations and recruitments are conducted by the individual states of India. The state civil services deals with subjects such as land revenue, agriculture, forests, education etc. The officers of the state civil services are recruited by different States through the State Public Service Commissions. The categories of services to which candidates are selected through the state civil services (SCS) examination are as under:

1. State Civil Services, Class-I (SCS)
2. State Police Service, Class-I (SPS).
3. State Forest Service, Class-I (SFS).
4. Block Development Officer.
5. Tehsildar/Talukadar/Assistant Collector.
6. Excise and Taxation Officer.
7. District Employment Officer.
8. District Treasury Officer.
9. District Welfare Officer.
10. Assistant Registrar Cooperative Societies.
11. District Food and Supplies Controller/Officer.
12. Any other Class-I/Class-II service notified as per rules by the concerned State.

Employment by Agency

Federal Government executive branch civilian employment:
1. Ministry of Defence
2. Ministry of Finance
3. Ministry of External Affairs
4. Ministry of Home Affairs
5. Ministry of Agriculture
6. Ministry of Tribal Affairs
7. Ministry of Panchayati Raj
8. Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
9. Ministry of Science and Technology
10. Ministry of Earth Sciences
11. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
12. Ministry of Power
13. Ministry of Corporate Affairs
14. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
15. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
16. Ministry of Urban Development
17. Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs
18. Ministry of Civil Aviation
19. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
20. Ministry of Urban Development
21. Ministry of Human Resource Development
22. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
23. Ministry of Law and Justice
24. Ministry of Minority Affairs
25. Ministry of Labour and Employment
26. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
27. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
28. Ministry of Textiles
29. Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
30. Ministry of Culture
31. Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
32. Ministry of Tourism
33. Ministry of Steel
34. Ministry of Shipping
35. Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
36. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
37. Ministry of Railways
38. Ministry of Rural Development
39. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
40. Ministry of Coal
41. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
42. Ministry of Mines
43. Ministry of Women and Child Development
44. Ministry of Environment and Forests
45. Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
46. Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
47. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
48. Ministry of Food Processing Industries
49. Ministry of Civil Aviation
50. Ministry of Culture
51. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
52. Ministry of Minority Affairs
53. Ministry of Water Resources
54. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
55. Independent agencies:
56. Main article: List of Indian agencies
57. Reserve Bank of India
58. Securities and Exchange Board of India
59. Department of Space
60. Department of Atomic Energy
61. Planning Commission
62. Directorate General of Economic Enforcement
63. Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation
64. Directorate of Income Tax Intelligence and Criminal Investigation
65. Directorate General of Anti-Evasion
66. Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
67. National Advisory Council
68. Central Bureau of Investigation
69. Intelligence Bureau
70. Central Vigilance Commission
71. National Security Guards

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

Articles 315 to 323 of the constitution of India of its part 14 deal elaborately with the provisions about the composition, appointment and removal of member along with the functions, powers and independence of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). It Functions as the central recruiting agency in India. As it has been created directly by the constitution itself, it is considered as an independent constitutional body.

Structure of UPSC – Union Public Service Commission

Appointment and Removal

The Union Public Service Commission consists of a chairman and other members who are appointed by the President of India. The Constitution has not specified the strength of the commission. Its composition has been left to the discretion of the President to determine.

The UPSC usually consists of 9 to 11 members including its chairman. It has been provided in the constitution that ‘one- half of the members of the commission should be such parsons who have held office for at least ten years under either the Government of India or under the Government of the state’ (Clause one Article 316). It is up to the president to determined the conditions of service of the members of the commission.

According to Clause 1A of Article 316 of the constitution, ‘if the office of the chairman of the commission becomes vacant or if any such chairman is by reasons of absence or for any other reason unable to perform the duties of his office,…. those duties shall be performed by such one of the other members of the commission as the President may appoint for the purpose.’

According to clause 2 or the article 316, the Chairman and members can hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 65 tears, whichever is earlier. However, the Chairman and the members can quit their offices at any time by addressing their resignation to the President.

According to clause 1 of Article 317, the Chairman and any other member of the commission can be removed from his office by the order of the President on the ground of misbehaviour. But the President, in this case, at first has to refer the matter to the Supreme Court.
If the Supreme Court, after conducting the inquiry with the procedure prescribed under Article 145, upholds the cause the removal and advice so, then the President can order the removal of the Chairman and any other member of the commission. The constitution has clearly established that the advice of the Supreme Court is binding on the President. However, the President can suspend the Chairman or any other members of the commission even during the course of enquiry by the Supreme Court.

According to clause 3 Article 317, the president can also order the removal of the Chairman or any other member of the commission from his office under the following conditions:

(a) If he is adjudged an insolvent (that is, ‘has become bankrupt’)

(b) If he engages, during his term of office, in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or

(c) If he ‘is, in the opinion of the president, unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.’

Defining the term ‘misbehaviour’ the constitution states that is slapped on the face by another, it is a case of misbehaviour under Article 317 (1) and renders the latter member liable to be removal.

To safeguard and ensure the independent and impartial functioning of the commission, the constitution has made following provisions:

(a) The Chairman or any other members of the commission can be removed by the President only in the manner Prescribed in the constitution. Therefore, it can be said that they enjoy security of tenure.

(b) Although the President determines the conditions of service of the Chairman or a member, these conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment (Article 318).

(c) The entire expenses including allowance, salaries and pensions of the Chairman and members of the commission are not subject to vote of Parliament. They are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.

(d) The Chairman of the Commission (on ceasing to hold office), according to Article 319, shall be ineligible for further employment either under the Government of India or under the Government of a state.

(e) A member (on ceasing to hold office) except the Chairman of the commission is eligible for appointment as the chairman of the commission or a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), but not for any other employment either in the Government of India Or in the Government of a state (Article 319).

(f) The Chairman or a member of the commission, after completing his first term, becomes ineligible for reappointment to that office.

Functions of UPSC

According to the Article 320 of the constitution the commission performs the following functions:

(a) It is the duty of the UPSC to conduct examination for appointments to the services of the Union and the services of the State respectively.

(b) It is also the duty of the commission (If requested by two or more states to do so) to help state in framing and operating schemes of joint recruitment for any service for which candidates possessing special qualifications are required.

(c) The commission is consulted on the following matters:

(1) All matters relating to methods of recruitment of civil services and for civil posts.

(2) The principles to be followed in making appointments to civil services and posts and in making promotions and transfers from one service to another and on the suitability of candidates for such appointments, promotions or transfers.

(3) All disciplinary matters affecting a person serving under the government of India in a civil capacity including memorials or positions relating to such matter. These consist of:

– Compulsory retirement

– Withholding of increments

-Dismissal from service

– Reduction to lower service or rank (Demotion)

-Censure (severe disapproval)

-Removal from service

– Withholding of promotions

-Dismissal from service

– Recovery of pecuniary loss.

(The distinction between ‘Removal’ and ‘Dismissal’ is that a dismissed candidate disqualifies for the future employment under the Government whereas the removed candidate does not disqualify for the same.)

(4) Any claim for compensation of legal expenses incurred by a civil servant in defending legal proceedings instituted against him in respect of act done in the execution of his official duties.

(5) Any claim for the award of a pension in respect of injuries sustained by a person while serving under the Government of India and question as to the amount of any such award.

It is the duty of the Union Public service Commission to advise on any matter referred to them by the President. All regulations made, and is to be subjected to such modifications whether by way of repeal or amendment as both Houses of Parliament may make during the session in which they are so laid.

In one of its important decision the Supreme Court in 1992, has held ‘If before the selection is held, the Government withdraws its requisition from the Public Service Commission, neither the candidate nor the UPSC itself can insist on continuing the process of selection.
The constitution describes that the President, in respect to the All-India Services and Central Services and posts may make regulations specifying the matters, in which it shall not be necessary for the UPSC to be consulted.
The matters on which the Commission (UPSC) is not consulted are:

(a) Reservations of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class

(b) Considering the claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in making appointments to services and posts.

(c) On the selection for Chairmanship or membership of commissions or tribunals, posts of the highest diplomatic nature and a bulk of group C and group d services.

(d) On the selection for temporary or officiating appointment to a post if the appointed person is not likely to held the post for more than a year.

Article 322 of the constitution states that the Parliament can make an Act relating to the services of the union and also relating to the services of any local authority or other body corporate constituted by law or of any public institutions.

Article 323 of the Constitution, that deals with the expenses of the Commission, states that ‘The expenses of the Union Public Service Commission shall be charged on the consolidated Fund of India.’

Article 323 or the Constitution, that deals with reports of the Commission states that ‘It shall be the duty of the Union Commission to present annually to the President a report.’ Then it is the duty of the President to place the report before both the Houses of Parliament, along with a memorandum ‘explaining the cases where the advice of the Commission was not accepted and reasons for such non-acceptance. It can be ascertained lastly that the role of the Commission is not only limited, but also recommendations made by it are not mandatory but are only of advisory nature, and, therefore, not binding on the Government. The Government has final authority to accept or reject that advice. The Government can also make rules which regulate the scope of the advisory functions of the Commission. Such rules are named as the UPSC (Exemption from consultation) Regulation.

The emanation of Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in 1964 influenced the role of the Commission in disciplinary matters. Because the Government consults both agencies while taking disciplinary action against a civil servant. However, the Commission, as an independent constitutional body, has an edge over the CVC. CVC was created by an executive resolution of the Government and conferred a statutory status in October 2003.

IMPORTANT SCHEMES & SERVICES OF VARIOUS BANKS...by (PSL GROUP)

1. TAB BANKING FACILITY = SBI

2. BOUTIQUE FINANCING SCHEME = SBI

3. Twitter Handle Account = SBI

4. Asha Home loan = AXIS BANK

5. Airtel money = AXIS BANK +AIRTEL

6. Kisan card = AXIS BANK

7. M-Pesa = ICICI + Vodafone

8. Branch on Wheel = ICICI(in odisa)

9. I-Mobile app for windows phone = ICICI

10. Instant money transfer = BOI

11. M-Wallet = Canara Bank

12. E-Wallet = IRCTC

13. Student Travel Card = ICICI

14. E-KYC = SBI

15. Jifi, (a fully integrated social bank account that incorporates social networking platforms like Twitter and Facebook with mainstream banking) = Kotak Mahindra Bank

16. ‘Connect Card’, (ATM cum Debit card in association with VISA that can be used for ecommerce across five lakh merchant outlets) = India

BANKING ABBREVIATIONS

1.  PSBs:  PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS
●●
2.  SNBCs:  SCHEDULE NON COMMERCIAL BANKS 
●●
3.  SENSEX:  SENSITIVE  INDEX  OF STOCK  EXCHANGE  
●●
4.  GNP: GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT 
●●
5.  KYC: KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER 
●●
6.  RTGS: REAL TIME GROSS SETTLEMENT
●●
7.  NEFT: NATIONAL ELECTRONIC MONEY TRANSFER
●●
8.  EFT: ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER
●●
9.  CBS:  CORE  BANKING  SOLUTIONS  
●●
10.  LIBOR:  LONDON  INTERBANK OFFERED RATE 
●●
11.  MIBOR:  MUMBAI INTERBANK OFFERED RATE 
●●
12.  MIBID:  MUMBAI INTERBANK BID RATE 
●●
13.  SARFAESI:  SECURITISATION  AND  RECONSTRUCTION  OF FINANCIAL  ASSETS  AND  ENFORCEMENT  OF  SECURITY INTEREST  
●●
14.  CAMELS:  CAPITAL  ADEQUECY  RATIO,  ASSET  QUALITY, MANAGEMENT  OF  EFFECTIVENESS,  EARNING  OF PROFITABILITY,  LIQUIDITY,  SYSTEM  AND  CONTROLS  
●●
15.  CAR:  CAPITAL  ADEQUECY RATIO  
●●
16.  FIIs:  FOREIGN  INSTITUTIONAL  INVESTMENTS
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17.  FDI:  FOREIGN  DIRECT  INVESTMENT  
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18.  IPO:  INITIAL  PUBLIC  OFFERING  
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19.  MICR:  MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER READER 
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20.  INFINET : INDIAN  FINANCIAL  NETWORK
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21. OLTAS  -  On-line  Tax  Accounting  System  (OLTAS)  for  Direct Taxes
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22.  TIN  -  Tax  Information  Network  (TIN)
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23.IMPS  -  Interbank  Mobile  Payment  Service  (IMPS)  or Immediate  Payment  Service
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24.  CDR- Corporate  Debt Restructuring
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25.CAD- Capital  Account  Deficit
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26. REITs:  Real  Estate  Investment  Trusts
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27.InvITs:  Infrastructure  Investment  Trusts
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28. ALM- Asset Liability  Management
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29.ASBA:  Application  Supported  by  Blocked  Amount
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30.CBS: Core  Banking  Solution
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31. PIN:  Personal  Identification  Number
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32.  CCEA – Cabinet Committee  on Economic  Affairs
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33.CECA  -  Comprehensive  Economic  Cooperation  Agreement
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34.CEPA  –  Comprehensive Economic  Partnership  Agreemeny
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35.DTAA – Double Taxation  Avoidance  Agreement
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36.ECBs  -  External  Commercial  Borrowings
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37.EFSF – European  Financial  Stability  Facility
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38. FINO- Financial  Inclusion  Network  Operation
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39. FIPB  –  Foreign  Investment  Promotion  board
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40.  FSLRC  –  Financial  Sector  Legislative  Reforms  Commission
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41. CRAR: Capital  to  Risk-weighted  Assets  Ratio
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42.LCR: Liquidity  Coverage  Ratio
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43. TARC  - Tax Administration  Reform  Commission
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44.GIRO  -  Government Internal  Revenue  Order
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45.FRBMA:  Fiscal  Responsibility  and  Budget  Management  Act
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46. AMFI- Association  of  Mutual  Fund  in  India.
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47. TIEA  –  Tax  Information  exchange  Agreement
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48. GAAR - General anti  avoidance rule
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49. GSLV - Geo-Synchronous Launch  Vehicle
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50.  PPP  – Public  Private  Partnership  &  Purchasing  Power  parity
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51. PSLV – Polar  Satellite  Launch  vehicle
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52. TAPI  -  Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India.
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53.  QFI -Qualified  Foreign  Investors
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54.AD-Authorized  Dealer.
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55. ASSOCHAM-Associated  Chambers  of  Commerce  and Industry  of  India.
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56. BCSBI-Banking  Codes  and  Standards  Board  of  India.
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57.BIS-Bank  for  International  Settlements.
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58.BIRD:  BANKERS INSTITUTE  OF  RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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59.IBA:  INDIAN  BANK ASSOCIATION  
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60.BPLR:  BENCHMARK PRIME LENDING  RATE 
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61. ICICI: INDUSTRIAL CREDIT AND  INVESTMENT CORPORATION  OF INDIA 
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62.HDFC:  HOUSING  DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION 
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63. SWOT:  STRENGETH,  WEEKNESSES,  OPPORTUNITIES  AND THREATS  
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64. SWIFT:  SOCIETY  FOR  WORLDWIDE  INTERBANK FINANCIAL  TELECOMMUNICATION  
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65.FERA:  FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  REGULATORY ACT  
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66.FEMA:  FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  MANAGEMENT ACT 
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67.CASA:  CURRENT AND SAVING ACCOUNT 
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68.NDTL:  NET DEMAND AND TIME LIABILITIES 
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69.NASDAQ:  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  FOR  SECURITIES DEALERS  AUTOMATED QUOTATIONS  
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70.CRISIL:  CREDIT  RATING  AND  INVESTMENT  SERVICES INDIA  LIMITED  
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71.CIBIL:  CREDIT  INFORMATION  BUREAU OF INDIA LIMITED  
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72. NAV:  NET ASSET VALUE 
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73.ICRA:  INDIAN  CREDIT  RATING  AGENCY 
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74. CARE:  CREDIT ANALYSIS  AND RESEARCH LIMITED  
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75.WMAs: WAYS AND MEANS ADVANCES 
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76.ALM:  ASSET LIABILITY  MANAGEMENT
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78.CDS-Credit  Default  Swap.
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79.  CEPA-Comprehensive  Economic  Partnership  Management.
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80. FIMMDA-Fixed  Income  Money  MARKETS  and  Derivatives Association.
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81.FPI-Foreign  Portfolio  Investment.
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82. IBRD-International  Bank  For  Reconstruction  And Development.
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83. UIDAI-Unique Identification Authority of India.