About Our Odisha

First Advocate of Odisha                              : Sri Madhusudan Das

First Ambasador of Odisha                          : Lalitendu Mansingh

First Autobiography Writer                         : Fakir Mohan Senapati

First Air Marshal of Odisha                           : Saroj Jena

First Awarded Gyanapitha                           : Gopinath Mohanty

First Governor of Odisha                              : Dr. Harekrushna Mahtab

First A. I. R. of Odisha                                    : A. I. R., Cuttack (1948)

First Central Minister of Odisha                      : Dr. Harekrushna Mahtab

First odia Chief Justice of Supreme court       : Ranganath Mishra

First Cinema Hall of Odisha                        : Sitaram Vilas Talkies (SSBT), Berhampur

First Color Odia Film                                      : Gapa Helebi Sata (1976)

First Odia feature Film                                  : Sita Bibaha (1936)

First Cinemascope Odia Film                      : Hisab  Nikas

First Silver Jublee Hit Odia Film                  : Puja

First Hindi Film produced in Odisha        : Shodh- 1979 (Producer: Sitakanta Mishra)

First Odia director directed Hindi Film  : Prasanta Nanda

First Odia Video Film                                     : Bahini

First Film studio of Odisha                          : Kalinga Studio, Bhubaneswar

First College of Odisha                                  : Ravenshaw College, Cuttack (1868)

First Medical College                                   : Sreeram Chandra Bhanja Medical College, Cuttack (1944)

First Engineering College                            : University College of Engineering, Burla (1956)

First Private Engineering College             : Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar (1986)

First Engineering School                             : Bhubanananda Orissa School of Engineering, Cuttack (1923)

First Women’s College                                 : Sailabala Women’s College

First High School of Odisha                         : Cuttack Collegiate School

First Girl’s High School                                  : Ravenshaw Girl’s School, Cuttack

First Odia doctorate degree                        : Choudhury Jagannatha Das

First Post Graduate                                         : Sri Madhusudan Das

First Graduate of Odisha                              : Sri Madhusudan Das

First Medical Graduate                                 : Dr. Surendra Narayan Acharya

First Engineering Graduate                         : Madhab Chandra Pattnaik

First Essay written in Odia                           : Bibeki (Late Radhanath Ray)

First Odia LokSabha Speaker                      : Rabi Ray

First Odia Astrologer                                      : Samanta Chandrasekhar

First Odia Freedom Fighter                         : Veera Surendra Sai

First Odia Poet                                                  : Mahakabi Sarala Das

First Odia Professor                                        : Prof. Pranakushna Parija

First Lecturer                                                     : Kashinath Das (Dept. of Sanskrit, Ravenshaw College)

First Odia Novelist                                          : RamShankar Ray

First Odia International cricket player         : Debasish Mohanty

First Odia IFS                                                   : Kumari Sanjukta Pattnaik

Missiles in India at a Glance

» Akash : Surface to air missile.
» Nag : Anti tank missile.
» Helina : Air launched anti tank missile.
» Amogha missile: Anti tank missile.
» CLGM: Cannon launched anti tank missile.
» DRDO Anti Tank Missile
» Prithvi-I (SS-150) : surface to surface Ballistic Missile.
» Prithvi-II (SS-250) : surface to surface Ballistic Missile.
» Prithvi-III (SS-350) : surface to surface Ballistic Missile.
» Agni-I MRBM : surface to surface medium-range ballistic missile.
» Agni-II MRBM : surface to surface medium-range ballistic missile.
» Agni-III IRBM : ocean to surface intermediate-range ballistic missile.
» Agni-IV IRBM : surface to surface intermediate-range ballistic missile
» Agni-V ICBM : surface to surface intercontinental ballistic missile.
» Agni-VI : Four-stage Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. (under development)
» Dhanush (missile) : Ship launched surface to surface Ballistic Missile.
» K 15 : Submarine launched Ballistic Missile.
» K 4 : Submarine launched Ballistic Missile. (Undergoing trials)
» K 5 : Submarine launched Ballistic Missile. (under development)
» Shaurya : surface to surface hypersonic tactical missile.
» BrahMos : Fastest Supersonic cruise missile in the world.
» BrahMos-A : Air launched Cruise Missile.
» BrahMos-NG : Mini version based on BrahMos (missile). (under development)
» BrahMos-II : Hypersonic missile.(under development)
» Astra BVRAAM : Active radar homing Beyond-visual-range Air to Air Missile.
» DRDO Anti-Radiation Missile : state-of-the-art Air-to-surface anti-radiation missile. (under development)
» Nirbhay : Long Range subsonic cruise missile. (under development)
» Prahaar : Tactical short range Ballistic Missile.
» Pragati (missile)
» Pinaka MkIII : Guides rockets (Pinaka Mk1 & 2 are unguided)
» Barak 8 : Long range surface to air missile.
» Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor : Ballistic Missile interceptor, surface to air missile.
» Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor : Ballistic Missile interceptor / anti aircraft missile.
» Trishul (missile) : Surface to air missile.
» Prithvi Air Defence : Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile.
» Advanced Air Defence : Endoatmospheric Anti-ballistic missile.
» Prithvi Defence Vehicle : Anti-ballistic missile.

LATEST BANKING COMMITTEES AND FOCUS AREAS

💥Abid Hussain Committee – Development of Capital Markets
               
💥A Ghosh Committee – Modalities of Implementation of new 20 Points Programme and Frauds and Malpractices in Banks.
              
💥A C Shah Committee – NBFC
               
💥Adhyarjuna Committee – Changes in NI Act and Stamp Act.
               
💥BD Thakar Committee – Job criteria in Bank loans (approach).
               
💥Bhagwati Committee – Public Welfare and Unemployment.
               
💥Bhave Committee – Share Transfer Reforms
               
💥B Eradi Committee – Insolvency and Wind up laws.
               
💥Bhootlingam Committee – Wages, Income and prices.
               
💥Chesi Committee – Direct Taxes
               
💥CE Kamath Committee – Multi agency approach in Agriculture Finance
               
💥Dave Committee – Mutual Funds (functioning)
               
💥Dutta Committee – Industrial Licensing
               
💥Dantwala Committee – Estimation of employment.
               
💥Dharia Committee – Public Distribution System
               
💥DR Gadgil Committee – Agriculture Finance
               
💥DR Mehta Committee – Review progress and recommend improve measures of IRDP.
               
💥Gadgil Committee – Lead Banking System
               
💥Godwala Committee – Rural Finance
               
💥GS Patel Committee – Carry forward system on Stock Exchange.
               
💥Goiporia Committee – Customer Service in Banks.
               
💥Hazari Committee (1967) – Industrial Policy
               
💥IT Vaz Committee – Working Capital Finance in Banks.
               
💥Jankiramanan Committee – Securities transactions of Banks and Financial Institutions.
               
💥J Reddy Committee – Reforms in Insurance Sector.
               
💥James Raj Committee – Functioning of Public Sector Banks (PSBs).
               
💥KB Chore Committee – To review the symbol of Cash Credit.
               
💥Khusrau Committee – Agriculture Credit.
               
💥Khanna Committee – On performing Assets.
               
💥Kamnath Committee – Education Loan Scheme.
               
💥Karve Committee – Small Scale Industry.
               
💥LC Gupta Committee – Financial Derivatives.
               
💥LK Jha Committee – Indirect Taxes.
               
💥Marathe Committee – Licensing of new Banks.
               
💥Mrs. KS Shere Committee – Electronic Fund Transfer.
               
💥ML Dantwala Committee – Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
               
💥Mahalanobis Committee – Income distribution.
               
💥Narsimham Committee – Financial System.
               
💥Nariman Committee – Branch Expansion Programme.
               
💥Omkar Goswami Committee – Industrial Sickness and Corporate Restructuring.
               
💥PL Tandon Committee – Export Strategy.
               
💥P R Nayak Committee – Industrial Credit to SSI sector.
               
💥PD Ojha Committee – Service area approach.
               
💥Pendarkar Committee – Review the system of inspection of Commercial, RRB and Urban Co-operative Banks.
               
💥PR Khanna Committee – Develop approach supervisory Frame work for NBFC.
               
💥Pillai Committee – Pay Scales of Bank Officers.
               
💥Ram Niwas Mirdha Committee – Securities Scam
               
💥Rangrajan Committee – Computerization of Banking Industry.
               
💥Raja Chelliah Committee – Tax Reforms.
               
💥Ray Committee – Industries Sickness.
               
💥RN Malhotra Committee – Reforms in Insurance Sector.
               
💥RK Talwar Committee – Custom Service.
               
💥RG Saraiya Committe

e – Banking Commission.
               
💥RH Khan Committee – Harmonization of Bank.
               
💥RS Saria Committee – Agriculture Finance and Co-operative Societies.
               
💥Rajamannar Committee – Center – State Fiscal Relationships.
               
💥Rakesh Mohan Committee – Petro Chemical Sector.
               
💥Samal Committee – Rural Credit.
               
💥SS Tarapore Committee – Capital Account Convertibility.
               
💥SS Kohli Committee – Rehabilitation of Sick Industries unit, Wilful Defaulters and Staff strength in Banks.
               
💥Sodhani Committee – Foreign Exchange Markets in NRI investment in India.
               
💥SL Kapoor Committee – Institutional Credit to SSI.
               
💥S Padmanabhan Committee – Onsite Supervision function of Banks and Inspection of Banks (by RBI).
               
💥SS Nadkarni Committee – Trading in public sector banks.
              
💥Tiwari Committee – Rehabilitation of sick industrial undertakings.
               
💥Tandon Committee – Follow up of bank credit and Industrial sickness.
               
💥Tambe Committee – Term loans to SSI.
               
💥Thakkar Committee – Credit Schemes to self-employed.
               
💥Usha Thorat Panel – Financial Inclusion.
               
💥UK Sharma Committee – Lead bank scheme.
               
💥Vipin Malik Committee – Consolidated accounting by banks.
               
💥Vyas Committee – Rural Credit.
               
💥Varshney Committee – Revised methods for loans (greater than Rs. 2lakh)
               
💥Vaghul Committee – Mutual Fund scheme.
               
💥WS Saraf Committee – Technology Issues in banking industry.
               
💥Wanchoo Committee – Direct Taxes.
               
💥YV Reddy Committee – Reforms in Small savings.
               
💥Y H Malegam Committee – Disclosure norms for Public Issues.
               

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

INTRODUCTION

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of csarist rule. The Bolsheviks would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

WHEN WAS THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION?

In 1917, two revolutions swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting into motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union. While the two revolutionary events took place within a few short months, social unrest in Russia had been simmering for decades.

In the early 1900s, Russia was one of the most impoverished countries in Europe with an enormous peasantry and a growing minority of poor industrial workers.

Much of Western Europe viewed Russia as an undeveloped, backwards society. The Russian Empire practiced serfdom—a form of feudalism in which landless peasants were forced to serve the land-owning nobility—well into the nineteenth century. In contrast, the practice had disappeared in most of Western Europe by the end of the Middle age.

In 1861, the Russian Empire finally abolished serfdom. The emancipation of serfs would influence the events leading up to the Russian Revolution by giving peasants more freedom to organize.

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1905

Russia industrialized much later than Western Europe and the United States. When it finally did, around the turn of the 20th century, it brought with it immense social and political changes.

Between 1890 and 1910, for example, the population of major Russian cities such as St. Petersburg and Moscow nearly doubled, resulting in overcrowding and destitute living conditions for a new class of Russian industrial workers.

A population boom at the end of the nineteenth century, a harsh growing season due to Russia’s northern climate, and a series of costly wars—starting with the Crimean War (1854-1856)—meant frequent food shortages across the vast empire.

Large protests by Russian workers against the monarchy led to the Bloody Sunday massacre of 1905. Hundreds of unarmed protesters were killed or wounded by the czar’s troops.

The massacre sparked the Russian revolution of 1905, during which angry workers responded with a series of crippling strikes throughout the country.

NICHOLAS II

After the bloodshed of 1905, Czar Nicholas II promised the formation of a series of representative assemblies, or Dumas, to work toward reform.

Russia entered into World War I in August 1914 in support of the Serbs and their French and British allies. Their involvement in the war would soon prove disastrous for the Russian Empire.

Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Food and fuel shortages plagued Russia as inflation mounted. The economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort.

Czar Nicholas left the Russian capital of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in 1915 to take command of the Russian Army front. (The Russians had renamed the imperial city in 1914, because the name “St. Petersburg” had sounded too German.)

RASPUTIN AND THE CZARINA

In her husband’s absence, Czarina Alexandra—an unpopular woman of German ancestry—began firing elected officials. During this time, her controversial advisor, Grigory Rasputin, increased his influence over Russian politics and the royal Romanov family.

Russian nobles eager to end Rasputin’s influence murdered him on December 30, 1916. By then, most Russians had lost faith in the failed leadership of the czar. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the toothless Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution, when it opposed his will.

Moderates soon joined Russian radical elements in calling for an overthrow of the hapless czar.

FEBRUARY REVOLUTION

The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 2017 (February 23 on the Julian calendar).

Demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets of Petrograd. Supported by huge crowds of striking industrial workers, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets.

On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, the regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets and the troops began to waver.

The Duma formed a provisional government on March 12. A few days later, Czar Nicholas abdicated the throne, ending centuries of Russian Romanov rule.

The leaders of the provisional government, including young Russian lawyer Alexander Kerensky, established a liberal program of rights such as freedom of speech, equality before the law, and the right of unions to organize and strike. They opposed violent social revolution.

As minister of war, Kerensky continued the Russian war effort, even though Russian involvement in World War I was enormously unpopular. This further exacerbated Russia’s food supply problems. Unrest continued to grow as peasants looted farms and food riots erupted in the cities.

BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION

On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the Duma’s provisional government.

The provisional government had been assembled by a group of leaders from Russia’s bourgeois capitalist class. Lenin instead called for a Soviet government that would be ruled directly by councils of soldiers, peasants and workers.

The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head. Lenin became the dictator of the world’s first communist state.

RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR

Civil War broke out in Russia in late 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution. The warring factions included the Red and White Armies.

The Red Army fought for the Lenin’s Bolshevik government. The White Army represented a large group of loosely allied forces, including monarchists, capitalists and supporters of democratic socialism.

The Russian Civil War ended in 1923 with Lenin’s Red Army claiming victory and establishing the Soviet Union.

Cabinet Reshuffle List (September 03, 2017)

Cabinet Reshuffle List:

Narendra Modi
Prime Minister and also in-charge of:
1. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;
2. Department of Atomic Energy;
3. Department of Space; and
4. All important policy issues.

CABINET MINISTERS

1. Rajnath Singh
Minister of Home Affairs.

2. Sushma Swaraj
Minister of External Affairs.

3. Arun Jaitley
Minister of Finance; and
Minister of Corporate Affairs.

4. Nitin Jairam Gadkari
Minister of Road Transport and Highways;
Minister of Shipping; and
Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation.

5. Suresh Prabhu
Minister of Commerce and Industry.

6. D.V. Sadananda Gowda
Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

7. Uma Bharati
Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

8. Ramvilas Paswan
Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

9. Maneka Sanjay Gandhi
Minister of Women and Child Development.

10. Ananthkumar
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers; and
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.

11. Ravi Shankar Prasad
Minister of Law and Justice; and
Minister of Electronics and Information Technology.

12. Jagat Prakash Nadda
Minister of Health and Family Welfare.

13. Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati
Minister of Civil Aviation.

14. Anant Geete
Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

15. Harsimrat Kaur Badal
Minister of Food Processing Industries.

16. Narendra Singh Tomar
Minister of Rural Development;
Minister of Panchayati Raj; and
Minister of Mines.

17. Chaudhary Birender Singh
Minister of Steel.

18. Jual Oram
Minister of Tribal Affairs.

19. Radha Mohan Singh
Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

20. Thaawar Chand Gehlot
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.

21. Smriti Zubin Irani
Minister of Textiles; and
Minister of Information and Broadcasting.

22. Harsh Vardhan
Minister of Science and Technology;
Minister of Earth Sciences; and
Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

23. Prakash Javadekar
Minister of Human Resource Development.

24. Dharmendra Pradhan
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas; and
Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

25. Piyush Goyal
Minister of Railways; and
Minister of Coal.

26. Nirmala Sitharaman
Minister of Defence.

27. Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi
Minister of Minority Affairs.

MINISTERS OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE)

1. Rao Inderjit Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Planning; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

2. Santosh Kumar Gangwar
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.

3. Shripad Yesso Naik
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH).

4. Dr. Jitendra Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern
Region;
Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office;
Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;
Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy; and
Minister of State in the Department of Space.

5. Dr. Mahesh Sharma
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Culture; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

6. Giriraj Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

7. Manoj Sinha
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Communications; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways.

8. Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

9. Raj Kumar Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Power; and
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

10. Hardeep Singh Puri
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

11. Alphons Kannanthanam
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Tourism; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

MINISTERS OF STATE

1. Vijay Goel
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

2. Radhakrishnan P.
Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Shipping.

3. S.S. Ahluwalia
Minister of State in the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

4. Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi
Minister of State in the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

5. Ramdas Athawale
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

6. Vishnu Deo Sai
Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel.

7. Ram Kripal Yadav
Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development.

8. Hansraj Gangaram Ahir
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.

9. Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary
Minister of State in the Ministry of Mines; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal.

10. Rajen Gohain
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways.

11. General (Retd.) V. K. Singh
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs.

12. Parshottam Rupala
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.

13. Krishan Pal
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

14. Jaswantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

15. Shiv Pratap Shukla
Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance.

16. Ashwini Kumar Choubey
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

17. Sudarshan Bhagat
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

18. Upendra Kushwaha
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development.

19. Kiren Rijiju
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.

20. Dr. Virendra Kumar
Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs.

21. Anantkumar Hegde
Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

22. M. J. Akbar
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs.

23. Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti
Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries.

24. Y. S. Chowdary
Minister of State in the Ministry of Science and Technology; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

25. Jayant Sinha
Minister of State in the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

26. Babul Supriyo
Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

27. Vijay Sampla
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

28. Arjun Ram Meghwal
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources,
River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation.

29. Ajay Tamta
Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles.

30. Krishna Raj
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

31. Mansukh L. Mandaviya
Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways;
Minister of State in the Ministry of Shipping; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

32. Anupriya Patel
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

33. C.R. Chaudhary
Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

34. P.P. Chaudhary
Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

35. Dr. Subhash Ramrao Bhamre
Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence.

36. Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

37. Dr. Satya Pal Singh
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources,
River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

List of All Revolutions:

• Black Revolution – Petroleum Production
• Blue Revolution – Fish Production
• Brown Revolution – Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
• Golden Fibre Revolution – Jute Production
• Golden Revolution – Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
• Green Revolution – Food grains
• Grey Revolution – Fertilizer
• Pink Revolution – Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India) /Prawn production
• Red Revolution – Meat & Tomato Production
• Round Revolution – Potato
• Silver Fiber Revolution – Cotton
• Silver Revolution – Egg/Poultry Production
• White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) – Milk/Dairy production
• Yellow Revolution – Oil Seeds production
• Evergreen Revolution – Overall development of Agriculture

List of most famous awards and their related fields

Nobel Prize:  Peace, Literature, Medicine (Physiology), Physics, Chemistry (since 1901) and Economics (since 1969)

Pulitzer Prize:  Journalism (since 1917)

Academy (Oscar) Awards:  Film (since 1929)

Golden Globe Award:  Film and Television (since 1944)

Grammy Award:  Music (since 1958)

Kalinga Award: Science (since 1952)

Man Booker Prize:  Literary prize for the best original novel (since 1969)

Ramon Magsaysay Award:  Government Service, Public Service, Community Leadership, Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts, Peace and International Understanding and Emergent Leadership (since 1958)

Bharat Ratna: The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include “any field of human endeavour” in December 2011(since 1954)

Padma Vibhushan: Service in any field including service rendered by Government servants” including doctors and scientists, but excludes those working with the public sector undertakings (since 1954)

Padma Bhushan:  Service in any field including service rendered by Government servants” including doctors and scientists, but excludes those working with the public sector undertakings (since 1954)

Padma Shri:   Distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the Arts, Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Medicine, Social Service and Public Affairs (since 1954)

Dadasaheb Phalke Award:  Film, Lifetime Achievement Award (since 1969)

Ashok Chakra: India’s highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield (since 1952)

Jnanpith Award:  Literature (since 1965)

Saraswati Samman:  Literature (since 1991)

Vachaspati Samman: Sanskrit Literature (since 1992)

Vyasa Samman:  Hindi Literature (since 1991)

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna: Sports; highest sports honour in India (since 1991-92)

Dronacharya Award: Sports Coaching (since 1985)

Arjuna Award:  Sports (since 1961)

Bhatnagar Award: Science (since 1957)

Grand_Prix_Winners_2017

1) Australian_Grand_prix- Sebastian Vettel
2) Bahrain_Grand_prix- Sebastian Vettel
3) Chinese_Grand_prix- Lewis Hamilton
4) Spanish_Grand_prix - Lewis Hamilton
5) Russian_Grand_Venues Of Upcoming Sports Events
Summer Olympics
2020 – Tokyo, Japan.
Winter Olympics
2018 – Pyeongchang, South Korea.
2022 – Beijing, China.
Commonwealth Games
2018 – Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
2022- Durban, South Africa.
Asian Games
2018 – Jakarta, Indonesia.
2022- Hangzhou, China.
Hockey World Cup
2018 – New Delhi, India.
Women Hockey World Cup
2018 – London, England.
FIFA World Cup
2018 – Russia2022 – Qatar.
Women Football World Cup
2019 – France.
ICC Cricket World Cup
2019 – England.
2023 – India.
Women Cricket World Cup
2017 – England.
2021 – New Zealand.
ICC World T-20 World Cup
2018 – Australia.
Women ICC World T-20 World Cup
2018 – West Indies.
ICC World Test Championship
2017 (1st edition) – England.
2021 – India

List Of All The Acts Related To Bank

1. Negotiable Instrument Act– 1881
2. The Bankers’Books Evidence Act– 1891
3. The ReserveBank of India Act– 1934
4. The Industrial Finance Corporation of India Act– 1948
5. The Banking Companies (Legal Practitioner Clients’
Accounts) Act– 1949
6. The Industrial Disputes (Banking and Insurance
Companies) Act– 1949
7. The Banking Regulation(Companies) Rules– 1949
8. The Banking Regulation Act– 1949
9. The State Financial Corporations Act– 1951
10. The Reserve Bank of India (Amendment and Misc.
Provisions) Act– 1953
11. The Industrial Disputes (Banking Companies) Decision
Act– 1955
12. The State Bank of India Act– 1955
13. The State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act- 1959
14. The Subsidiary Banks General Regulation– 1959
15. The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation Act– 1961(DICGC)
16. The Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of
Undertakings) Act– 1970
17. The Regional Rural Banks Act– 1976
18. The Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of
Undertakings) Act– 1980
19. The Export-Import Bank of India Act– 1981
20. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development Act– 1981
21. Chit Fund Act– 1982
22. Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions)Act–
1985
23. The National Housing Bank Act– 1987
24. SIDBI Act– 1988
25. The Special Court (trial of Offences relating to
Transactions in Securities) Act– 1992
26. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of
Undertakings and Repeal) Act– 1993
27. Industrial Reconstruction Bank (Transfer of Undertaking
& Appeal) Act– 1997
28. The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial
Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act–
(SARFASI-2002)
29. Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking &
Repeal) Act– 2003
30. Credit Information Companies (Rules & Regulation)
Act– 2005
31. The Industrial Finance Corporation of India Act– 1948
32. The Banking Companies (Legal Practitioner Clients’
Accounts) Act– 1949
33. The Industrial Disputes (Banking and Insurance
Companies) Act– 1949
34. The State Financial Corporations Act– 1951
35. The Reserve Bank of India (Amendment and Misc.
Provisions) Act– 1953
36. The Industrial Disputes (Banking Companies) Decision
Act– 1955
37. The State Bank of India Act– 1955
38. The State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act- 1959
39. The Subsidiary Banks General Regulation– 1959
40. The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation Act– 1961
41. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development Act– 1981
42. Chit Fund Act– 1982
43. Shipping Development Fund Committee (Abolition)Act–
1985
44. Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions)Act–
1985
45. The National Housing Bank Act– 1987
46. The Special Court (trial of Offences relating to
Transactions in Securities) Act– 1992
47. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of
Undertakings and Repeal) Act– 1993
48. Industrial Reconstruction Bank (Transfer of Undertaking
& Appeal) Act– 1997
49. SIDBI General Regulations, 1990
50. Banking Regulation (Companies) Rules 1949
51. The Nationalised Banks (Management and Misc.
Provisions)Scheme, 1970
52. NABARD General Regulations 1982
53. Banking Companies (Period of Preservation of Records)
Rules, 1985
54. Banking Companies (Regulation)Rules, 1985
55. NABARD Bonds Regulations — 1988
56. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006
57. Factoring Act Rules, 2011
58. SARFAESI (Central registry) Rules, 2011
59. Banker’s Books Evidence Act, 1891
60. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
61. Banking Companies (Legal Practitioners’ Clients’
Account) Act, 1949
62. Banking Regulation (Companies) Rules, 1949
63. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of
Undertaking) Act, 1969
64. Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal (Procedure)
Rules, 1994
65. Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976
66. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
67. Indian Partnership Act, 1932
68. Indian Stamp Act, 1899
69. Indian Trusts Act, 1882
70. Limitation Act, 1963
71. Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial
Institutions Act, 1993
72. Reserve Bank of India Act — 1934

FIRST IN INDIA

1. India’s first Civil Aviation park – Gujarat
2. India’s first Space park – Bengaluru
3. India’s first solar powered ferry – Kerala
4. India’s first IT co-operative UL CyberPark – Kerala
5. India’s first ever Gender Park – Kerala
6. India’s first LCD panel plant – Maharashtra
7. India’s first railway university set up in – Vadodara, Gujarat
8. India’s first underwater restaurant – Ahmedabad
9. India’s first National Organic Farming Research Institute – Sikkim
10. India’s first Fully Solar powered educational institute – Sri Aurobindo International Centre for Education, Pondicherry
11. India’s first self-cleaning smart toilets have been
installed in – Chennai
12. India’s first digital state – Kerala
13. India’s first rail-auto transportation and logistics hub will come up in which state – Walajabad, Chennai,Tamil Nadu
14. India’s first online interactive heritage portal – Sahapedia
15. First Defence park located in – Ottappalam,kerala
16. India's first textile University in surat
17. India's First water metro in kochi
18.India's first medical devices park- gujarat
19.South India gets its first children's court in-Hyderabad
20. India's first e-court-Hyderabad
21.India's first gender university-Kerala
22.India's first 'Women Entrepreneurs Park'-Uttarakhand
23.India's first smart grid - Gurugram,Haryana
24.India's first Green Rail Corridor-Tamiln
adu
25.India's first LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) laboratory -Aundh in Hingoli district of Maharashtra
26.India's first,Commercial Court, Commercial Disputes Resolution Centre-Raipur, Chattisgarh
27. India's first AYUSH university-Hary
ana
28.India's first facility to produce nickel was launched by the Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) Jharkhand

All the Important Codes and Numbers Used in Financial System

♨ *Indian Financial System Code (IFSC)*

��IFSC is an 11 – character alpha numeric code.

��First Four alphabetic characters represent the Bank Name.

��The Fifth character is 0 (Zero) and reserved for future purpose and the last Six characters (numeric / alphabetic / combination of both) representing the Bank Branch.

��Banks and organizations use IFSC to identify participating Bank Branch in NEFT, RTGS & IMPS transactions.

��e.g. ABCD0123456
ABCD –Bank Name
0 – Zero
123456 – Bank’s Branch Code

♨ *Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)*

��MICR is a 9- digit code.

��MICR code usually printed on the bottom strip of cheque leaf.

��It is used in cheque clearing process to identify the bank and branch.

��First Three digits represent the City Code.

��Next Three digits represent the Bank Code.

��Last Three digits represent the Branch Code.

��e.g.: 123456789
123 – City Code
456 – Bank Code
789 – Bank’s Branch Code

♨ *Permanent Account Number (PAN)*

��PAN is an 10- character alpha numeric code.

��It is the identifier of Indian Income Tax Payers.

��The PAN is unique, valid for life-time of the PAN-holder throughout India.

��The PAN structure is as follows:
ABCDE1234F:
��First Five characters are Alphabets.

��Next Four are numerals,

��Last Character is also Alphabet

♨ *AADHAAR / Unique Identification Number (UID)*

��Aadhaar is a 12 – digit code.

��It collects the biometric and demographic data of Resident Indians.

��Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) data centre is located at Manesar (Haryana).

♨ *Universal Account Number (UAN)*

��UAN is a 12 –digit code.

��It will be generated for each of the Provident Fund contributing member by Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO).

��UAN is necessary for easy PF management.

♨ *Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN)*

��PRAN is a 12 – digit code.

��National Pension System subscriber will be allocated a unique Permanent Retirement Account
Number (PRAN) by Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority (PFRDA).

♨ *International Securities Identification Number (ISIN)*

��The ISIN is a 12 – character alpha numeric code.

��It uniquely identifies a security.

��ISINs are issued to bond, commercial paper, stock and mutual fund units etc.

♨ *Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)*

��SWIFT code is a 8 – 11 character alphabetic code.

��It is a unique identification code for both financial and non-financial institutions.

��The SWIFT code structure is as follows:

��First Four letters – Institution code / Bank code

��Next Two letters – Country code

��Next Two letters – Location code

��Last Three letters – Branch code

Where an 8- character code is given, it may be assumed that it refers to primary office.

♨ *Mobile Money Identifier (MMID)*

��MMID is a 7- digit code

��It is a random number issued by the bank upon registration.

��In the 7 digits of the MMID are 4 digits used to identify the bank of the user and three used to identify the account of the user.

��Remitter & Beneficiary should have this number  for performing IMPS transaction.

��The bank will allocate a MMID for each account of the mobile banking customers.

CONFUSING_DAYS (Very IMP.)

1. National Youth Day - January 12
2. International Youth Day - August 12
3. National Teachers' Day - September 5
4. International Teachers' Day - October 5
5. National Tourism Day - January 25
6. International Tourism Day - September 27
7. National Children's Day - November 14
8. International Children's Day - June 1
9. National Consumer Day - December 24
10. International Consumer Day - March 15
11. National Postal Day - October 10
12. International Postal Day - October 9
13. National Blood Donation Day - October 1
14. World Blood Donors Day - JUNE 14

Banking awareness Questions and answers

*Q:1*. Name some negotiable instruments.

Ans. The negotiable instruments include
- promissory note
- bill of lading
- Bank draft/ pay order/bankers cheque.
- Railway receipts
- Dock warrant
- Warehouse receipt
- Certificate of deposit
- Commercial paper
- Treasury bills
- Hundi

*Q:2*. What are the features of Negotiability?

Ans. Features of Negotiability:
- Freely transferable by delivery (when it is bearer).
- Freely transferable by endorsement (when it is an order instrument).
- The transferee taking the instrument in good faith.

*Q:3*. What is Promissory Note (PN)?

Ans. It’s an instrument in writing which contains an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money to the order or the bearer of instrument. The Promissory Notes require being stamped ad per Indian Stamp Act.

*Q:4*. How many types of Promissory Notes are there?

Ans. Types of Promissory Note:
1.Demand Promissory Note
2.Usance Promissory Note

*Q:5*. What is Demand Promissory Note?

Ans. The Promissory Note which is payable immediately on demand is called “Demand Promissory Note”.

*Q:6*. What is Usance Promissory Note?

Ans. The Promissory Note which is payable after a predefined definite period is called “Usance Promissory Note”.

*Q:7*. How many parties are required in Promissory Notes?

Ans. Basically it requires two parties. The one is maker who promises to pay and the other is payee to whom it is payable. For example a person take loan from the bank then the “person” is the “maker” and “the bank” is “payee”.

*Q:8*. What is “Bill of Exchange” (BoE)?

Ans. It’s an instrument containing an unconditional order signed by the maker directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of amount only to the bearer of that instrument.

*Q.9*. How many types of bills are used in Banking Operations?

Ans. Following are the types of Bills used in Banking Operations:
- Inland bills and Foreign bills
- Time bills and Demand bills
- Trade bills and Accommodation bills
- Clean bills and Documentary bills.

*Q10*. What are “Inland bills”?

Ans. Inland bills are contract agreements which define the information related to the transportation of goods overseas. Inland bills must be drawn on a person resident in India although it is payable outside India. The essential condition is that it must be drawn in India. For example a bill is drawn in Nagpur and payable in Hyderabad by an importer in New York is an inland bill.

*Q11*.What is “Foreign Bill”?

Ans. A foreign bill is a financial instrument which is drawn at in country and payable in another country. Any bill which is not an inland bill is a “Foreign Bill”. For example a bill drawn in London and payable in Bhopal by a resident Indian is a foreign bill.

*Q12*. What is “Accommodation Bill”?

Ans. Accommodation bill is the “bill of exchange” by the third party which is also known as an “Accommodation party” or “Accommodation endorser” who acts as a guarantor. This kind of bill is not a genuine trade bill and it is drawn to accommodate a known party. After actual sale of goods, when a bill is drawn by a seller and accepted by another person claim to be buyer is accommodation bill.

*Q13*. What is “Hundi”?

Ans. Hundi is kind of “bill of exchange”. In Hundi any seller sells his good under bill of exchange. These bill of exchange are known as “Hundi”. Then the seller sends the “Hundi” to the buyer for its acceptance. These bills of exchange are generally written in native language of that place and governed by local usage and practices. Generally four types of Hundi are used.

1. Darshani Hundi- It is similar to the demand bills.
2. Miadi Hundi- It is similar to the usance bills.
3. Namyog Hundis- It is similar to the order instruments.
4. Khokha- which has been paid and cancelled.

*Q14*. What is “Cheque”?

Ans. A cheque is an instrument drawn on a specified bank and it is only payable on demand.

*Q15*. How is Cheque is different from BoE?

Ans. Cheque is different from bill of exchange in following ways:
- Cheque is valid only 6 months from the date of issue.
- Cheque is payable to the bearer on demand
- Cheque is drawn in a bank.
- Notice of dishonor is not necessary in cheque.

*Q16*. When should banks not pay the Cheque?

Ans. Bank should not pay a cheque in the following cases:
- Death of the drawer.
- Insane customers
- Insolvent customers
- On receipt of valid stop payment instruction.
- When cheque is post-dated.
- When account has insufficient fund.

*Q17*. What is Stale Cheque?

Ans. If the cheque is not presented for payment for a period of 6 months from the date of its issuance, it is then considered as Stale Cheque.
The validity of the cheque can be reduced by the drawer, like valid for 3 months but the maximum validity of any cheque is 6 months.

*Q18*. What is “Saving Bank Account”?

Ans. If a person has limited income and he wants to save some money for future, then the account he opens is a Saving Bank Account. The account can be opened with the minimum initial deposit amount decided by the bank. The account holder can deposit the money anytime. He can also withdraw the money by withdrawal form or ATM or cheque. The rate of interest varies from bank to bank and changes time to time.

*Q19*. What is “Current Deposit Account”?

Ans. Big institutions, companies, businessman etc. normally open their current deposit accounts. There are some restrictions on withdrawal in saving accounts and in current accounts there are no such restrictions.
Current account can be opened with some initial amount decided by the bank. Here the bank does not pay any interest on their balance, in fact the bank charges the customer certain amount each year as Operational Charge. It also provides the facility of withdrawing excess of the balance of deposit.

*Q20*. What is “Overdraft Facility”?

Ans. It is a facility provided by the banks that permits an account holder to use or withdraw more than they have in their accounts, but they can’t withdraw exceeding the maximum minus balance.This facility is called Overdraft Facility.

*Q21*. What is “Fixed Deposit Account”?

Ans. This facility allows us to save money for long time. In saving accounts the rate of interest is less, but in fixed deposit account the rate of interest is higher. It is also known as term deposit account. The depositor can deposit the money for long periods like 7 to 10 years. During this period withdrawal is not allowed however the depositor can encash the money before the maturity period but at that time the rate of interest will be less.

*Q22*. What is “Recurring Deposit Account”?

Ans. In this type of account the depositor saves regularly and in return gets a fair return of deposit. While opening this account the deposit per month is fixed. We can deposit the amount once in the month on a fixed date and the amount is also fixed. The total amount with interest we can receive after the maturity. The rate of interest in recurring deposit account is higher than the saving account. The account can be opened by a person individually as well as jointly with another.

*Q23*. What are “Non- performing assets” (NPA)?

Ans. The asset which is not producing income is a “Non-Performing Asset”. It is an asset or an account of a borrower which is considered as loss asset or doubtful by the bank account or the financial institution is called “non-performing asset”.

*Q24*. What is 90 days overdue?

Ans. It’s a norm for the identification of the “Non-performing asset” (NPA) starting 31 March 2014.
The norm is as follow:
- Interest or installment of principal remain overdue for more than ninety days in respect of term loan.
- The account remains out of order for the period of more than ninety days.
- The bill remains overdue for the period of more than ninety days.
- Any amount to be received is due for more than ninety days.

*Q25*. What is “Money Laundering”?

Ans. The process of converting illegal money into legal money is Money Laundering. According to Section 3 of the Prevention of Money laundering Act 2002 as:
“Whosever directly or indirectly attempts to indulge or knowingly assists or is involved in any process or activity connected with the proceeds of crime and is projecting it as the untaint
d property shall be guilty of the offence of money laundering”.

*Q26*. What are the common factors of “Money Laundering”?

Ans. Generally there are four factors of money laundering:
- The true ownership and real source of money is not revealed.
- The launderers change the form of the proceeds in order to shrink the huge volume of cash generated by the initial unlawful activity.
- The trail left by the process is not known so that it make it difficult to follow the money from the beginning to end.
- Constant control is maintained on the money.

*Q27*. What are the stages of “Money Laundering” process?

Ans. The following are the stages of “money laundering” process:
1. Placement stage:-It is the first introduction of entry for funds derived for any criminal activities.
2. Layering/Agitation stage: - The object of this stage is to prevent the tracing of illegal proceed. It creates a complex network of transactions which attempts to not reveal the link between the initial entry and the end of the money laundering cycle.
3. Integration stage: - This process achieves the appearance of total legitimacy of funds thereby it refers to the return of funds to the legitimate economy for later extraction.

*Q28*. Give few ways of “Money Laundering”?

Ans. Following are the few ways of money laundering:-
- Frequent exchange of cash into other currencies.
- Large withdrawals from inactive account.
- Transferring large sum of money to or from abroad.
- More use of safe deposit facilities.
- Customer having several accounts in different banks but in same location.

*Q29*. What is “BANKNET”?

Ans. It’s a kind of payment network established by RBI. It was launched during 1991 in India. In this network the user can BANKNET from their premises through leased or dial up lines at the local centers. Here the messages of banking transactions are transferred in the form of codes for the settlement of the transaction and advice. It also provides access to SWIFT through its system.

*Q30*. What is “RBINET”?

Ans. It is a communication system running on BANKNET and RBINET is a client running a personal computer called RBINET. It can communicate with its server over the dedicated leased or dial-up lines.

*Q31*. What is “I-net”?

Ans. I-net was opened in 1983. It is owned by the Department of Telecommunication which uses Packet Switching Public Data Network (PSPDN). PSPDN is a kind of data sending technology. I-net uses telephone connections and satellites for communication which replaces the slow speed data communication. This technology connects major metropolis and international networks.

*Q32*. What is “NICNET”?

Ans. NICNET stands for National Informatic Centre Network, which was set up in 1975. It promotes information culture which is a government organization and work for government organizations. It provides multiple facilities to finance, agriculture, industry, commerce by providing various applications. Currency chest operations in banks are performed by NICNET.

*Q33*. What is “INFINET”?

Ans. The abbreviation for INFINET is Indian Financial Network. It was developed by RBI sponsored organization which provides fast and secure intra –bank and inter-bank communication system.

*Q34*. What is “SPNS”?

Ans. The full form of SPNS is Shared Payment Network System. It provides round-the-clock banking convenience to customer of any bank performing basic banking functions like cash withdrawal, balance enquiry etc. at any ATM belonging to any bank.

*Q35*. Which banking services can be used through Information Technology (IT)?

Ans. Following banking services can be achieved by using IT:
- Faster remittance services
- Home banking
- Tele- banking
- Cash management products
- Banking online

*Q36*. What is “Digital Signatures” (DS)?

Ans. Digital Signature is used for security purpose and it is equivalent to the handwritten signature. It is a signature in electronic form attached to an electronic record. Digital signature identifies the origin of the message and maintain the integrity of message. It defines authentication of an electronic record by a person whose name the digital signature certificates. In India Information Technology Act 2000 considers digital signature as personalized thumb print.

*Q37*. What is “Mobile Banking”?

Ans. Mobile banking provides us the ease of carrying out certain banking transactions through their mobile phone. This facility is provided by the banks. Many operations can be performed by using mobile banking like checking account balance, paying bills, request for cheque book. Stop payment instruction, summaries of last three transactions, transferring money to other account etc.

*Q38*. What is “Electronic Fund Transfer System” (EFTS)?

Ans. Electronic fund transfer provides us to transfer fund electronically replacing the paper instruments. The electronic fund transfer is fast and easily available. It saves time of customer’s standing in queue. The products of EFTS includes:-
- WTs- wireless transfers.
- ATM- Automated Trailer Machine
- CDs- Cash Dispensers
- POS- Point of Sale terminals
- Home banking

*Q39*. What is “Smart Card”?

Ans. The Smart Card is an Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) to store information. It is a cash card or we can say ‘electronic purse’ which is a pre-paid cash card. The card provides an option to the customers for debit and credit facilities. These cards can be reloaded by ATM or by telephone. It reduces the need of carrying cash for shopping and enables the card holder to increase the amount at any time.

*Q40*. What is “Credit Card”?

Ans. It is an instrument of payment. The customer gets some credit on the card which he can use for shopping, ticket booking, encashment etc. The credit cards are of different types having different credit limits depending upon the bank.

*Q41*. What is “Debit Card”?

Ans. It is a payment card used to obtain cash, purchasing goods and services automatically debiting the payment to the card holder’s bank account.

*Q42*. What are the advantages of “Debit Card”?

Ans. The advantages of Debit Card:
- No need to carry cash.
- Quick and less complicated than using cheque.
- Used for withdrawal of cash.
- It can be issued to any individual having bank account.

Ministry Portfolio(Odisha)

1. Maheswar Mohanty : Revenue
2. Dama Rout : Agriculture
3. Pratap Jena : Health
4. Prafulla Samal : Women & Child Welfare
5. Usha Devi : Planning & Coordination
6. Sashi Bhusan Behera : Finance , Excise
7. Nurshinga Sahoo : Commerce & Transport
8. Prafulla Mallick : Energy
9. Bijayshree Routray : Forest
10. Ananta Das : Higher Education
11. Badri Patra : School & Mass
12. Chandra Sarathi Behera : Youth & Sports
14. Ramesh Majhi : SC & ST
15. Surjya Patro : Food & Supply, Co-operation
16. Pradip Maharathi : Panchayatiraj
17. Bikram Arukha : RD & I & PR
18. Niranjan Pujari : Urban & Housing

CURRENT LIST of Chief Ministers - 29 STATES of INDIA

State - Name

1. Andhra Pradesh - N. Chandrababu Naidu
2. Arunachal Pradesh - Pema Khandu
3. Assam - Sarbananda Sonowal
4. Bihar - Nitish Kumar
5. Chhattisgarh - Raman Singh
6. Goa - Manohar Parrikar
7. Gujarat - Vijay Rupani
8. Haryana - Manohar Lal Khattar
9. Himachal Pradesh - Virbhadra Singh
10. Jammu and Kashmir - Mehbooba Mufti
11. Jharkhand - Raghubar Das
12. Karnataka - Siddaramaiah
13. Kerala - Pinarayi Vijayan
14. Madhya Pradesh - Shivraj Singh Chouhan
15. Maharashtra - Devendra Fadnavis
16. Manipur - N. Biren Singh
17. Meghalaya - Mukul Sangma
18. Mizoram - Lal Thanhawla
19. Nagaland - Shurhozelie Liezietsu
20. Odisha - Naveen Patnaik
21. Punjab - Amarinder Singh
22. Rajasthan - Vasundhara Raje
23. Sikkim - Pawan Kumar Chamling
24. Tamil Nadu - Edappadi K. Palaniswami
25. Telangana - K. Chandrashekar Rao
26. Tripura - Manik Sarkar
27. Uttar Pradesh - Yogi Adityanath
28. Uttarakhand - Trivendra Singh Rawat
29. West Bengal - Mamata Banerjee

State Wise List of Lakes in India

Andhra Pradesh※

Kolleru Lake

Pulicat Lake

Assam※

Chandubi Lake

Deepor Beel  Bird Sanctuary

Son Beel

Bihar※

Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary

Chandigarh (UT)※

Sukhna Lake

Gujarat※

Hamirsar Lake

Kankaria

Nal Sarovar

Narayan Sarovar

Sardar Sarovar Dam

Thol Lake

Vastrapur Lake

Haryana※

Badkhal Lake

Blue Bird Lake

Brahma Sarovar

Damdama Lake

Karna Lake

Sannihit Sarovar

Surajkund

Tilyar Lake

Himachal Pradesh※

Maharana Pratap Sagar

Pandoh Lake

Gobind Sagar

Renuka Lake

Macchial Lake

Dal Lake District Chamba

Khajjiar Lake District Chamba

Kumarwah Lake

Rewalsar Lake District mandi

Prashar Lake

Dehnasar Lake

Nako Lake

Chandra Tal

Suraj Tal

Dhankar Lake

Dashair

Brighu Lake

Manimahesh Lake

Ghadhasaru Lake

Mahakali Lake

Lama Dal

Chander Naun

Kareri Lake

Kamrunag lake

Jammu and Kashmir※

Anchar Lake

Manasbal Lake

Mansar Lake

Pangong Tso

Sheshnag Lake

Tso Moriri

Wular Lake

Karnataka※

Agara Lake

Bellandur Lake

Hebbal Lake

Lalbagh Lake

Madiwala Lake

Puttenahalli Lake

Ulsoor Lake

Karanji lake

Kukkarahalli lake

Lingambudhi Lake

Sulekere

Honnamana Kere

Pampa Sarovar

Kerala※

Ashtamudi Lake

Kuttanad Lake

Maanaanchira, Kozhikode

Padinjarechira, Thrissur city

Paravur Kayal

Punnamada Lake

Shasthamkotta lake

Vadakkechira, Thrissur city

Vanchikulam, Thrissur

Vellayani Lake

Vembanad Lake

Madhya Pradesh※

Bhojtal

Lower Lake, Bhopal

Tawa Reservoir

Maharashtra※

Gorewada Lake

Khindsi Lake

Lonar Lake

Pashan

Powai Lake

Rankala Lake

Salim Ali Lake

Shivasagar lake

Talao Pali

Upvan Lake

Venna Lake

Manipur※

Loktak Lake

Meghalaya

Umiam Lake

Mizoram※

Palak dïl

Tam Dil

Odisha※

Anshupa Lake

Chilka Lake

Kanjia Lake

Puducherry※

Bahour Lake

Oustery Lake

Velrampet Lake

Punjab※

Harike Wetland

Kanjli Wetland

Ropar Wetland

Rajasthan※

Ana Sagar Lake

Balsamand lake

Dhebar Lake

Jaisamand Lake, Alwar

Jal Mahal, Man Sagar lake

Kaylana Lake, Kolayat

Kaylana Lake

Lake Foy Sagar

Loonkaransar

Nakki Lake

Pachpadra Lake

Pushkar Lake, Pushkar

Rajsamand Lake

Ramgarh Lake

Sambhar Salt Lake

Talwara Lake

Ummed Sagar Bandh

Udaipur

Fateh Sagar Lake

Lake Jaisamand

Pichola lake, Lake Pichola

Lake Badi

Sikkim※

Gurudongmar Lake

Khecheopalri Lake

Lake Cholamu

Lake Tsongmo

Tamil Nadu※

Berijam Lake

Chembarambakkam Lake

Kaliveli Lake

Kodaikanal Lake

Ooty Lake

Perumal Eri

Red Hills Lake

Sholavaram Lake

Singanallur Lake

Veeranam Lake

Maduranthagam lake

Chembarambakkam Lake

Veeranam Lake

Ambattur Lake

Chetput Lake

Porur Lake

Pattupalli Lake

Panpakkam Lake

Kilikodi Lake

Manimangalam Lake

Madurantakam Lake

Kaduvetti Lake

Kodaikanal Lake

Ooty lake

Avalanche Lake, Ooty

Emerald Lake, Ooty

Singanallur Lake

Valankulam Lake

Perur Lake

Ukkadam Big Lake

Aachan Kulam(Muthu goundan pudur)

Veeraanam Lake

Kaliveli Lake

Paniyeri lake

P.G.palayam lake

11th ward lake

Karumanthangal lake Konaiyur

Periya Eri Konaiyur

Vinayagapuram small Lake

Vinayagapuram Periya Eri

Kudisaikarai lake

Vinnamangalam lake

Telangana※

Hussain Sagar

Himayat Sagar

Shamirpet Lake

Mir Alam Tank

Safilguda Lake

Ramakrishnapuram Lake

Kapra Lake

Durgam Cheruvu (Secret Lake)

Alwal Lake

Saroornagar lake

Bon Cheruvu

Jeedimetla Cheruvu

Nacharam Cheruvu

Langarhouz Cheruvu

Ramanthapur Cheruvu

Aryana Cheruvu

Durgam Cheruvu

Himayat Sagar

Mir Alam Tank

Osman Sagar

Saroornagar Lake

Shamirpet Lake

Uttar Pradesh※

Barua Sagar Tal

Belasagar Lake

Keetham Lake

Ramgarh Tal Lake

Uttarakhand※

Skeleton Lake (Roopkund Lake)

WEST BENGAL※

Debar Lake

East Calcutta Wetlands

Jore Pokhri

Mirik Lake

Rabindra Sarobar

Rasikbil

Santragachhi Lake

Senchal Lake

Union Budget-2017

Finance Minister Arun Jaitley presented the Union Budget 2017, his fourth annual budget, today. Here are the highlights of this year's budget:

► Monetary policy to be expansionary in major economies

► More steps will be taken to benefit farmers and the weaker sections; budget being presented during weak global economy

►Pace of remonetisation has picked up; demonetisation effects will not spill over to next year

►Functional autonomy of the railways to be maintained

►Demonetisation will help in transfer of resources from tax evaders to government:

►Merger of Railways Budget with General Budget brings focus on a multi-modal approach for development of railways, highways and inland water transport

►Only transient impact on economy due to demonetisation; long term benefit include higher GDP growth and tax revenue

►GDP will be bigger, cleaner after demonetisation

►Effects of demonetisation not expected to spill over to the next year, says Finance Minister

►Effects of demonetisation not expected to spill over to the next year, says Finance Minister

►Govt took two tectonic policy initiatives - passage of GST Bill and demonetisation

►Demonetisation was a continuation of series of measures taken by govt in 2 yrs; it is bold and decisive measure

►We are seen as engine of global growth; IMF sees India to grow fastest in major economies

►36 pc increase in FDI flow; forex reserves at USD 361 billion in January enough to cover 12 months needs

►CAD declined from 1 pc last year to 0.3 pc in first half of current fiscal: FM

►India has emerged as bright spot in the world: FM

►Uncertainty around commodity prices especially oil to have impact on emerging economies: FM

►Double digit inflation has been controlled; sluggish growth replaced by high growth; war on blackmoney launched: FM

►We have moved from discretionary based administration to policy based administration: FM Jaitley

► Agricultural sector is expected to grow at 4.1 per cent this fiscal, says Jaitley

►Demonetisation was a bold and decisive strike in a series of measures to arrive at a new norm of bigger, cleaner and real GDP

►Committed to double farm income in 5 yrs

►Plan, non-plan classification of expenditure done away with in the Budget for 2017-18 to give a holistic picture

►Mini labs by qualified local entrepreneurs to be set up for soil testing in all 648 krishi vigyan kendras in the country

►Budget presentation advanced to help begin implementation of schemes before onset of monsoon

►We will continue the process of economic reform for the benfit of poor

►Spend more in rural areas, infra, poverty alleviation, while maintaining fiscal prudence as guiding principle of Budget

►Our agenda for next year is to transform, energise and clean India

►World Bank expects GDP growth rate at 7.6 pc in FY18 and 7.8 pc in FY19

►Allocation under MNREGA increased to 48,000 crore from Rs 38,500 crore. This is highest ever allocation

►Rs 9,000 cr higher allocation for payment of sugarcane arrears

►Target of agriculture credit fixed at Rs 10 lakh cr in 2017-18

►Tax administration honouring the honest is one of the 10 pillars of Budget 2017-18

►National Testing agency to conduct all examinations in higher education, freeing CBSE and other agencies

►133-km road per day constructred under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana as against 73-km in 2011-14

►Govt to set up dairy processing fund of Rs 8,000 crore over three years with initial corpus of Rs 2,000 crore

►1 cr households to be brought out of poverty under Antodya Scheme

►Participation of women in MNREGA increased to 55 pc from 45 pc in past

►Modern law on contract farming will be drafted and circulated to states

►Dedicated micro-irrigation fund to be created with a corpus of Rs 5000 crore

►Market reforms will be undertaken, states will be asked to denotify perishables from Essential Commodities Act

►Space technology to be used for monitoring MNREGA implementation

►Sanitation coverage in villages has increased from 42 pc in Oct 2016 to 60 pc, a rise of 18 pc, says FM

►We propose to provide safe drinking water to 28,000 arsenic and fluoride affected habitations

►To construct one crore houses by 2019 for homeless. PM Awas Yojana allocation raised from Rs 15,000 cr to Rs 23,000 cr

►100 pc electrification of villages to be completed by May 2018

►27,000 cr on to be spend on PMGSY; 1 cr houses to be completed by 2017-18 for houseless

►PM Kaushal Kendras will be extended to 600 districts; 100 international skill centres to be opened to help people get jobs abroad

►The allocation for rural agri and allied sector in 2017-18 is record Rs 1,81,223 crore

►In higher education, we will undertake reforms in UGC, give autonomy to colleges and institutions

►A system of annual learning outcome in schools to be introduced; innovation fund for secondary education to be set up

►Two new AIIMS to be set up Jharkhand and Gujarat

►New rules regarding medical devices will be devised to reduce their cost

► 1.5 lakh health sub centres to be converted to Health Wellness Centres

►National Housing Bank will refinance indiviual loans worth Rs 20,000 crore in 2017-18

►Rs 500 cr allocated to set up Mahila Shakti Kendras; Allocation raised from Rs 1.56 lakh cr to Rs 1.84 lakh cr for women & child welfare.

►Capital and development expenditure pegged at Rs 1.31 lakh cr for railways in 2017-18 from Budget

►Allocation for SCs increased from Rs 38,833 cr to Rs 52,393 cr, a rise of 35 per cent

►35 pc increase in allocation for SC to Rs 52,393 cr

►For senior citizens, Aadhaar based health cards will be issued

►Model Shops and Establishment Bill to open up additional opportunities for employment of women

► Select airports in tier-II cities to be taken up for operations, development on PPP mode

►New metro rail policy to be unveiled

►Railway tariffs to be fixed on the basis of cost, social obligation and competition

►Service charge on e-tickets booked through IRCTC will be withdrawn

►Delhi and Jaipur to have solid waste management plants and five more to be set up later

►Government proposes Coach Mitra facility to redress grievances related to rail coaches

►500 stations will be differently abled by providing lifts and escalators

►Unmanned railway level crossings to be eliminated by 2020

►Railway line of 3,500 km will be commissioned in 2017-18 as against 2,800 km in 2016-17

►Total allocation for rural, agri and allied sectors for 2017-18 is a record Rs 1,87,223 cr, up 24 per cent from last year

►Rs 1 lakh cr corpus for railway safety fund over five years

►A scheme for senior citizens to ensure 8 per cent guaranteed returns

►Dedicated micro-irrigation fund to be set up by NABARD to achieve mission of Per Drop, More Crop

►Digi Gaon will be launched to promote tele-medicine and education

►Crude oil strategic reserves to be set up in Odisha and Rajasthan apart from 3 already constructed

►Coverage of Fasal Bima Yojana to go up from 30 pc of cropped area to 40 pc in 2017-18 and 50 per cent next year

►For transport sector, including railways, road and shipping, government provides Rs 2.41 lakh crore

►Allocation of Rs 10,000 cr for Bharat Net project for providing high-speed broadband in FY18

►Allocation for national highways stepped up to Rs 64,000 cr from Rs 57,676 cr

►Budget allocation for highways stepped up to Rs 64,000 crore in FY18 from Rs 57,676 crore

►Dispute resolution in infrastructure projects in PPP mode will be institutionalised

►Rs 2,74,114 crore allocated for defence expenditure, excluding pension; This includes Rs 86,000 crore for defence capital

►Govt to further liberalise FDI policy

►Over 90 per cent of FDI proposls are now processed through automatic route

►FIPB will be abolished

►Trade Infrastructure Export Scheme to be launched in 2017-18; total allocation for infra at record Rs 3.96 lakh cr

►Second phase of solar power development to be taken up with an aim of generating 20,000 MW

►After demonetisation on Nov 8 last year, deposit of between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 80 lakh made in 1.09 cr bank accounts at an average of Rs 5.03 lakh till Dec 30

►More funds beyond Rs 10,000 cr for recapitalisation of banks will be provided if needed

►The shares of railway CPSCs like IRCTC and IRFC to be listed on various stock exchanges

►We are largely a tax non-compliant society

►New ETF with diverse stocks will be launched in 2017-18

►Of 76 lakh individuals who reported income of over Rs 5 lakh, 56 lakh are salaried

►Integrated public sector oil major to be created to match global giants

►Govt will amend the Multi-state Cooperative Act to protect the poor and gullible investors

►Urgent need to protect poor from chit fund schemes, draft bill placed in public domain

►Computer emergency response team to be set for cyber security of financial sector

► Govt to introduce two new schemes to promote BHIM App - referal bonus for users and cash back for traders

►Govt doubles distribution target under Mudra Yojana to Rs 2.44 lakh crore for 2017-18

►Over Rs 80 lakh deposits in 1.48 lakh cr at an average of Rs 3.31 cr per account

►Customs duty on LNG halved to 2.5 pc

►FPI to be exempt from indirect transfer provisions

►Political parties can receive donations in cheque, electronic mode; electoral bonds to be issued by RBI

►Maximum amount of cash donation a political party can receive will be Rs 2000 from any one source as part of effort to clean political funding

►Capital expenditure stepped up by 25.4 pc in FY18 over previous year

►Total expenditure in FY18 at Rs 21.47 lakh cr

►Duty exempted on various POS machines and iris readers to encourage digital payments

►Rs 7,200 cr revenue loss due to reduction in tax on smaller companies

►Govt mulling introduction of legal changes to confiscate assets of offenders, including economic offenders, who flee the country

►Govt to set up a web-based interactive platform for defence pensioners

►Head post offices to issue passports

►Govt considering option to amend Negotiable Instruments Act to ensure that holders of dishonoured cheques get payment

►FRBM review committee has recommended 60 pc debt to GDP ratio; 0.5 pc of GDP deviation from stipulated fiscal deficit targets

►Payment regulatory board to be set up in RBI to regulate electronic payments, replacing Board for Regulation and Supervision in Payments and Settlements System

►3 yr period for long-term capital gains tax on immovalble property reduced to 2 years; base year indexation shifted from 1.4.1981 to 1.4.2001

►A proposal to receive all government receipts beyond a certain threshold through e-modes under consideration

► Of 3.7 cr individuals who filed tax returns in 2015-16, 99 lakh showed income below exemption limit

►Direct tax collection not commensurate with income and expenditure pattern

►Revenue deficit reduced to 2.1 pc from 2.3 pc for 2016-17

►Govt pegs fiscal deficit target at 3.2 per cent for 2017-18 and 3 per cent for next year

Source - ET